干旱气象 ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 275-283.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2022)-02-0275

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

2020年1月呼和浩特市雾霾天气的气象成因分析

韩仙桃(), 佟彤, 姜佳玉, 王俊秀, 赵毅勇   

  1. 内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市气象局,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010020
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-22 修回日期:2021-03-29 出版日期:2022-04-30 发布日期:2022-05-10
  • 作者简介:韩仙桃(1973— ),女,本科,高级工程师,主要从事中短期天气预报及灾害性天气研究. E-mail: 459393565@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41965003);中国气象局预报员专项项目的子项目(2020年1月呼浩特市雾霾偏多的气象成因研究)(CXFZ2021Z034)

Meteorological cause of haze weather in Hohhot in January 2020

HAN Xiantao(), TONG Tong, JIANG Jiayu, WANG Junxiu, ZHAO Yiyong   

  1. Hohhot Meteorological Bureau of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010020, China
  • Received:2020-12-22 Revised:2021-03-29 Online:2022-04-30 Published:2022-05-10

摘要:

利用2013—2020年1月内蒙古呼和浩特市环境监测数据、气象观测数据、美国国家海洋和大气局(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,NOAA)月平均北极涛动(Arctic Oscillation,AO)指数、欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)ERA5再分析资料等,对2020年1月呼和浩特市雾霾天气偏多的气象成因进行分析。结果表明:(1)2020年1月较弱的冬季风环流背景、高湿度条件、维持较低的边界层高度、逆温结构等是造成呼和浩特市雾霾偏多的主要原因;(2)2013—2020年1月同期呼和浩特市逐日平均相对湿度、前期累计降水量、逐小时2 min平均风速小于等于1.5 m·s-1的日数与雾霾日数均呈显著正相关,其中逐小时2 min平均风速小于等于1.0 m·s-1更利于雾霾的发生;(3)地面积雪对呼和浩特市持续雾霾天气影响较大,积雪越深、持续时间越长,则雾霾日数也越多;(4)2020年1月呼和浩特市雾霾天气持续时,边界层平均高度约430~550 m,最低约210 m,较低的边界层利于污染物在近地层集聚,导致水平能见度较低,雾霾加重,边界层高度越低,污染越重。

关键词: 冬季风环流, 逆温, 地面积雪, 边界层高度, 雾霾

Abstract:

Based on the air pollution monitoring data, meteorological observation data, NOAA monthly mean Arctic oscillation (AO) index and ERA5 reanalysis data in January from 2013 to 2020, the meteorological causes of more haze days in Hohhot of Inner Mongolia in January 2020 were analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) The weak winter monsoon circulation, the atmosphere with high humidity, low boundary layer and inversion structure in January 2020 were the main reasons of more haze days. (2) There was a significantly positive correlation between daily average relative humidity, accumulated precipitation, the number of days with 2 min average wind speed per hour equal to or less than 1.5 m·s-1 and haze days in Hohhot in January from 2013 to 2020, among which the 2 min average wind speed per hour equal to or less than 1.0 m·s-1 was more conducive to the occurrence of fog and haze. (3) Surface snow cover had a great influence on the continuous haze event. The deeper and longer the snow cover lasted, the more haze days were in January in Hohhot. (4) When the haze weather continued in Hohhot in January 2020, the average height of the boundary layer was about 430-550 m, with the lowest of 210 m. The lower boundary layer contributed to the accumulation of pollutants near surface layer, leading to the deterioration of visibility. The lower the boundary layer height was, the heavier the pollution would be.

Key words: winter monsoon circulation, temperature inversion, surface snow cover, boundary layer height, haze

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