干旱气象 ›› 2020, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 301-312.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2020)-02-0301

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

辽宁省中部一次重污染过程城市间污染差异及成因

段云霞1,2,李得勤3,田莉3,李霞4,吴宇童1,白华1,班伟龙1   

  1. 1.辽宁省沈阳市气象局,辽宁 沈阳 110168;
    2.中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,辽宁 沈阳 110166;
    3.沈阳中心气象台,辽宁 沈阳 110166;
    4.北京市人工影响天气办公室,北京 100089
  • 出版日期:2020-04-28 发布日期:2020-04-28
  • 通讯作者: 李得勤(1981— ),男,甘肃民乐人,博士,正研级高级工程师,主要从事中尺度天气预报模拟和数据同化研究. E-mail: lewen05@hotmail.com。
  • 作者简介:段云霞(1983— ),女,内蒙古乌兰察布人,高级工程师,主要从事短期天气预报技术研究. E-mail: yxduan@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题“高纬度地区遥感观测资料对流尺度同化关键技术研发”(2018YFC1506803)、“辽宁典型重污染天气持续与增强机制研究”(201805)和中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所开放基金“AMDAR资料的质控及同化应用研究”(2017SYIAE09)共同资助

Causes Analysis of Pollution Differences Among Cities in Central Liaoning Province During a Heavy Pollution Process

DUAN Yunxia1,2, LI Deqin3, TIAN Li3, LI Xia4,WU Yutong1, BAI Hua1, BAN Weilong1   

  1. 1. Shenyang Meteorological Bureau of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110168, China;
    2. Institute of Atmospheric Environment, CMA, Shenyang 110166, China;
    3. Shenyang Central Meteorological Observatory, Shenyang 110116, China;
    4. Beijing Weather Modification Office, Beijing 100089, China
  • Online:2020-04-28 Published:2020-04-28

摘要: 利用常规气象站地面观测资料、环境监测站污染物监测资料以及欧洲中心再分析资料等,对辽宁省一次秸秆燃烧引起的重污染天气过程进行分析,探讨不同城市间污染程度的差异及成因。结果表明:(1)此次重污染过程主要污染物成分为CO,PM2.5质量浓度与CO和NO2质量浓度的时间变化有很好的对应关系,能见度受PM2.5质量浓度和相对湿度共同影响;(2)营口和盘锦前期1.0 mm以上的弱降水过程对污染物湿沉降作用明显,而其他城市降水量较小反而有利于污染物的吸湿增长;(3)重污染期间,地面至700 hPa高度的水平风速均接近4 m·s-1,大气层结稳定,逆温层明显,抑制了污染物的垂直扩散;(4)除锦州外,其他4市850 hPa和900 hPa高度间0 ℃左右的暖层长时间维持,可能为污染物颗粒表层水分相态的变化、碰并增长提供了有利的环境;(5)污染期间,吉林和黑龙江一带存在大量火点,大面积秸秆集中燃烧是下风向辽宁中部地区主要污染源,在有利于污染物积累的天气条件下,需要加强本地和外来污染源的控制。

关键词: 重污染天气, PM2.5, 逆温, HYSPLIT模式

Abstract: Based on conventional ground observation data of weather stations and pollutant mass concentration observation data from environment monitoring stations in Liaoning Province, ECMWF reanalysis data with 0.5°×0.5° spatial resolution, a heavy pollution process caused by straw burning from 7 to 10 November 2015 in Liaoning Province, the differences and its causes of pollution among different cities were analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) CO was main pollutant during the heavy pollution process. The mass concentration of PM2.5 appeared two peak stages, and it was well corresponded to CO and NO2 mass concentrations. The visibility was mainly affected by PM2.5 concentration and relative humidity. (2) The effect of previous weak precipitation more than 1.0 mm on wet deposition of pollutants was obvious in Yingkou and Panjin, while the precipitation in other cities was smaller, and the high humidity environment was conducive to moisture absorption and growth of pollutants. (3) The horizontal wind speed from ground to 700 hPa during the heavy pollution was close to 4 m·s-1, the atmospheric stratification was stable, and the temperature inversion was obvious, which was beneficial to inhibit the vertical diffusion of pollutants. (4) The warm layer around 0 ℃ between 850 hPa and 900 hPa over cities except for Jinzhou maintained for a long time, which might provide favorable environment for the melting, collision and growing of pollutant particles. (5) There were many fire points in Jilin and Heilongjiang Province during the pollution process. Therefore, the main sources of pollution in central Liaoning Province came from the wide straw burning upwind, so it was necessary to strengthen the control of local and external pollution sources under the favorable weather conditions to the pollutants accumulation.

Key words: heavy pollution, PM2.5, temperature inversion, HYSPLIT model

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