河北沧州市臭氧质量浓度与气象因子的关系分析

doi:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2022)-01-0108

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用2014—2020年河北沧州逐小时气象与环境监测数据,对沧州市臭氧(O₃)污染加剧现状及其与气象因子的关系进行分析。结果表明:(1)沧州地区O₃污染呈加剧态势,且O₃已上升为该地区首要污染物;O₃污染集中出现在5—9月,O₃质量浓度日变化呈单峰单谷型,最大浓度出现在16:00前后;(2)5—9月O₃日最大8 h平均质量浓度(简称“O₃-8 h”)所处时段,平均气温、最高气温、相对湿度、总辐射辐照度与O₃质量浓度的相关性较好,本站气压、水汽压和平均风速与O₃质量浓度的相关性未通过显著性检验;(3)5—9月O₃-8 h时段,当同时满足8 h平均气温高于30.9 ℃、最高气温高于32.7 ℃、平均相对湿度低于42.1%、平均总辐射辐照度高于505.8 W·m^-2时,出现O₃污染的概率达84%;(4)气象因子不是O₃小时质量浓度快速增长的充分条件。

关键词: 臭氧, 污染加剧, 气象因子, 浓度小时增量

Abstract:

Based on hourly meteorological and environmental monitoring data in Cangzhou of Hebei Province from 2014 to 2020, this paper analyzed the aggravation of ozone (O₃) pollution and its relationship with meteorological factors. The results are as follows: (1) The pollution of O₃ in Cangzhou had been increasing and O₃ had become the primary pollutant. The pollution of O₃ concentrated from May to September, and the diurnal variation of O₃ mass concentration showed single peak and single valley type, and the maximum concentration occurred around 16:00 BST. (2) During the period of O₃-8 h maximum value from May to September, the average temperature, maximum temperature, relative humidity and total radiation irradiance were strongly correlated with the O₃ mass concentration, while the correlation between station atmospheric pressure, water vapor pressure, mean wind speed and the O₃ mass concentration didn’t pass the significance test. (3) During the period of O₃-8 h maximum value from May to September, when the average temperature of 8 h was above 30.9 ℃, the maximum temperature of 8 h was above 32.7 ℃, the average relative humidity of 8 h was below 42.1% and the average total radiation irradiance of 8 h was above 505.8 W·m^-2, the probability pollution of O₃ was up to 84%. (4) Meteorological factors were not sufficient conditions for rapid increase of O₃ hourly mass concentration.

Key words: ozone, pollution aggravation, meteorological factors, concentration increment per hour

中图分类号:

X511

熊险平, 沈瑞珊, 索春男, 李二杰, 张唯. 河北沧州市臭氧质量浓度与气象因子的关系分析[J]. 干旱气象, 2022, 40(1): 108-113.

XIONG Xianping, SHEN Ruishan, SUO Chunnan, LI Erjie, ZHANG Wei. Analysis of relationship between ozone mass concentration and meteorological factors in Cangzhou of Hebei Province[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2022, 40(1): 108-113.

图/表 10

图1 沧州市国控环境监测站和国家气象观测站分布

Fig.1 The distribution of national environmental monitoring sites and national meteorological observation station in Cangzhou

图2 2014—2020年河北沧州不同污染物年平均质量浓度变化

Fig.2 Annual average mass concentration of different pollutants in Cangzhou of Hebei Province from 2014 to 2020

图3 2014—2020年河北沧州PM2.5、O3作为首要污染物的污染日数年际变化

Fig.3 The inter-annual variation of pollution days of PM2.5 and O3 as primary pollutant in Cangzhou of Hebei Province from 2014 to 2020

图4 2014—2020年河北沧州O3污染日数及其占总污染日数的比例

Fig.4 The O3 pollution days and its proportion in total pollution days in Cangzhou of Hebei Province from 2014 to 2020

图5 2014—2020年河北沧州O3污染日数及其质量浓度月际变化

Fig.5 The monthly variation of O3 pollution days and O3 mass concentration in Cangzhou of Hebei Province from 2014 to 2020

图6 2014—2020年5—9月河北沧州O3质量浓度逐时变化

Fig.6 The hourly variation of O3 mass concentration in Cangzhou of Hebei Province from May to September during 2014-2020

表1 2014—2020年沧州不同统计时段气象因子与日O3质量浓度的相关系数

Tab.1 Correlation coefficients between daily O3 mass concentration and meteorological factors under different statistical periods in Cangzhou of Hebei Province from 2014 to 2020

气象要素	全年全时段	5—9月全时段	5—9月 O₃-8 h时段
平均气温	0.700^*	0.375^*	0.597^*
最高气温	0.722^*	0.479^*	0.587^*
平均相对湿度	-0.150^*	-0.342^*	-0.428^*
平均本站气压	-0.623^*	-0.204^*	0.052
平均水汽压	0.509^*	0.047	-0.055
平均风速	0.216^*	0.109^*	0.067
降水量	-0.020	-0.215^*	-0.184^*
总辐射辐照度	0.561^*	0.377^*	0.423^*

图7 2014—2020年5—9月河北沧州O3质量浓度和相关气象要素逐时变化

Fig.7 The hourly variation of O3 mass concentration and associated meteorological elements in Cangzhou of Hebei Province from May to September during 2014-2020

表2 2014—2020年5—9月河北沧州O3污染日同时段相关气象要素统计

Tab.2 The statistics of associated meteorological factors at the same period of O3 pollution days in Cangzhou of Hebei Province from May to September during 2014-2020

统计项目	8 h 平均气温/ ℃	8 h 最高气温/ ℃	8 h平均相对湿度/ %	8 h平均总辐射辐照度/ (W·m^-2)
平均数	30.9	32.7	43.0	508.9
中位数	30.9	32.7	42.1	505.8
第5个百分位数	25.9	27.7	22.5	315.0
第95个百分位数	35.5	37.4	64.1	730.5

表3 2014—2020年5—9月河北沧州O3质量浓度快速增长时段相关气象要素小时变量统计

Tab.3 The hourly variable statistics of associated meteorological factors in the period of O3 mass concentration rapid growth in Cangzhou of Hebei Province from May to September during 2014-2020

统计项目	平均气温/ (℃·h^-1)	最高气温/ (℃·h^-1)	平均相对湿度/ (%·h^-1)	总辐射辐照度/ (W·m^-2·h^-1)
平均数	1.3	1.4	-5.5	72.0
中位数	1.4	1.4	-5.0	88.0
第5个百分位数	-0.4	-0.3	-15.0	-283.0
第95个百分位数	2.7	2.8	2.0	358.0

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