干旱气象

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2005—2014年我国不利天气条件下交通事故特征分析

宁贵财1康彩燕1陈东辉2孙广林3刘君3王式功4尚可政1马敏劲1   

  1. 1.兰州大学大气科学学院,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000;
    2.中国人民解放军65061部队,辽宁沈阳110000;3.公安部道路交通安全研究中心,北京100062;4.成都信息工程大学大气科学学院,四川成都610225  
  • 出版日期:2016-11-01 发布日期:2016-11-01
  • 通讯作者: 王式功(1955-),男,山东安丘人,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为交通气象、空气污染和预报技术.E-mail:wangsg@lzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:宁贵财(1989-),男,江西上饶人,博士研究生,研究方向为交通气象和空气质量数值模拟. E-mail:ninggc09@lzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家人口与健康科学数据共享平台交通安全与健康出行气象保障服务专项课题(2016NCMIZX09)、国家重点研发计划“全球变化及应对”重点专项(2016YFA0602004)、国家自然科学基金项目(41205008、41575138、41275070)和兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金 (lzujbky-2015-6)共同资助

Analysis of Characteristics of Traffic Accidents Under Adverse Weather Conditions in China During 2005-2014

NING Guicai1, KANG Caiyan 1, CHEN Donghui2, SUN Guanglin 3, LIU Jun3, WANG Shigong4, SHANG Kezheng 1, MA Minjing 1
  

  1. 1. College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. Unit of 65061 of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Shenyang 110000,
    China; 3. Road Traffic Safety Research Center of the Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100062, China;
    4. College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China  
  • Online:2016-11-01 Published:2016-11-01

摘要:

根据2005—2014年全国不利天气条件发生的交通事故起数、其经济损失和伤亡人数及气象观测资料研究近10 a我国不利天气条件下的交通事故特征,结果表明:(1)不利天气条件造成的交通事故起数及受伤人数雨天>雪天>雾天,造成经济损失及死亡人数较多的不利天气排序为雨天>雾天>雪天。平均每起事故造成的经济损失雾天>雪天>雨天;平均每起事故受伤人数冰雹天气>雾天>雪天;平均每起事故死亡人数雾天>沙尘>冰雹天气,雨天最少;(2)交通管理和气象部门联合开展全国交通气象预报预警服务,能有效减少雨雪和大风等天气交通事故发生起数及其经济损失和伤亡人数;(3)2008年雪天发生交通事故起数及其经济损失和伤亡人数均出现极端突变增大,当年发生百年一遇低温冰冻雨雪极端气候事件是造成上述突变的关键因素;(4)结合2005—2014年雨天、雪天、雾天条件下8种不同道路类型交通事故死亡人数分析发现,近10 a来,受雨、雪天气影响二级公路交通事故总死亡人数最多;大雾天气造成高速公路交通事故死亡人数最多。

关键词: 不利天气, 交通事故, 极端气候事件, 道路类型

Abstract:

Through analysis of the number of traffic accidents, the economic losses of traffic accident, the injured number, the deaths number due to traffic accidents under adverse weather conditions and the meteorological observations from 2005 to 2014, the results are as follows: (1)The number of traffic accidents and the injured occurring on rainy days was most, second for snowy days and third for foggy days. The economic losses and the deaths due to traffic accidents happened on rainy day were largest, second for foggy days and third for snowy days. The average economic losses for each accident were largest on foggy days, then for snowy days and rainy days, the average injured due to traffic accidents was most on hail days, then for foggy days and snowy days, the average deaths number due to traffic accidents was most on foggy days, then for sand days and hail days. (2) Considering the related cooperation policy between the traffic administration and the meteorological department, the number of traffic accidents and their economic losses, the injured and the deaths number were reduced effectively on rainy days, snowy days and windy days. (3) Due to the unprecedented disasters of low temperature, persistent rain, snow and ice storms in 2008, the number of traffic accidents and their economic losses, the injured and the deaths number increased obviously on snowy days in this year. (4)Through analysis of the traffic death toll on eight types of road under rainy days, snowy days and foggy days from 2005 to 2014, the largest traffic death toll in recent ten years happened on the secondary roads under rainy days or snowy days, but under foggy days, the traffic death toll was most on the highway.

Key words:  adverse weather, traffic accident, extreme climate event, road type

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