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河北廊坊市连续重污染天气的气象条件分析

郭立平1乔林2石茗化1王旭光3   

  1. 1.河北省廊坊市气象局,河北廊坊065000;2.北京市气象局,北京100089;3.河北省廊坊市环保局,河北廊坊065000
  • 出版日期:2015-06-30 发布日期:2015-06-30
  • 作者简介:郭立平(1970-),女,汉族,河北省秦皇岛市人,高级工程师,主要从事天气预报及预报技术研究工作. E-mail:ggllpp_lf@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    廊坊市科技局2014年项目“基于物联网的雾霾及空气污染气象条件预报预警技术研究”(2014013004B)资助

Analysis About Meteorological Conditions of Continuous Heavy Pollution Episodes in Langfang of Hebei Province

GUO Liping1,QIAO  Lin2,SHI  Minghua1,WANG  Xuguang3   

  1. 1. Langfang Meteorological Bureau of Hebei Province,Langfang 065000,China;2. Beijing Meteorological Bureau, Beijing 100089,China;3. Langfang Environmental Protection Bureau of Hebei Province, Langfang 065000,China
  • Online:2015-06-30 Published:2015-06-30

摘要:

利用2013年1月至2014年7月廊坊市空气污染资料及逐小时风向风速、相对湿度、气压等地面自动站观测资料,通过统计学方法对廊坊市该期间发生的17次连续3 d及以上重污染天气过程进行分析,结果表明:(1)17次连续重污染天气过程主要发生在1~3月和11~12月,1月最多,最长连续时间长达7 d;(2)连续重污染天气过程中,首要污染物主要是细颗粒物PM2.5;有高污染浓度持续日和高污染浓度间断分布日2种情况,平均浓度分别达到314 μg/m3和193 μg/m3,高污染浓度持续日的比例达60%;(3)500 hPa高空廊坊市处于高压脊前西北偏西气流中,地面分别位于弱高气压场区及低压场(倒槽)区是连续重污染天气过程最主要的2类配置类型,后者是6级空气严重污染的主要控制形势;(4)连续重污染天气形成的气象条件是:廊坊市地面风向为西南风至偏西风或者为偏东风至东南风,风力≤2级;2~3月│ΔP3│≤3.0 hPa,其余月│ΔP3│≤2.0 hPa;相对湿度在40%~95%之间;日降水量≤0.6 mm,近地层有逆温层存在,平均高度900 hPa以下,厚度≥10 hPa,逆温层强度≥1 ℃;(5)当廊坊市地面处于低压场(倒槽)控制下,逆温层高度在925 hPa以下、厚度≥20 hPa及逆温层强度≥3 ℃,有利于严重污染天气的形成,若同时廊坊市地面风向为东北风至偏东风、风力为1级,相对湿度≥50%,则有利于高污染浓度持续日的形成和发展;(6)2014年2月11~15日河北省区域性空气重污染的演变状态及利用美国NOAA的Hysplit-4模式计算得到的空气质点的后向轨迹表明,燕山、太行山山脉的阻挡以及河北省和周边重污染区域分布导致的污染物区域输送是廊坊市连续重污染天气产生的重要因素之一。

关键词: 连续重污染天气, 环流配置特征, 气象条件, 高污染浓度, 成因分析

Abstract:

The study analyzed the 17 heavy air pollution weather processes lasting 3 days or more in Langfang from January 2013 to July 2014 by using the statistics method based on air pollution data and conventional meteorological observations such as wind velocity, relative humidity and pressure.The main results were summarized as follows: (1) Continuous heavy pollution weather processes mainly appeared in January to March or November to December, mostly in January, and the longest pollution event lasted 7 days; (2) The primary pollutants was PM2.5 during all continuous heavy pollution process events, according to differences of pollutant concentration distribution, there were two types including high pollution concentration distribution continuous days and intermittent days, with average concentration values of 314 μg/m3 and 193 μg/m3, respectively, and the former accounted for 60%; (3)There were two main kinds of atmospheric circulation configuration, that was Langfang situated in the surface weak high pressure or in the low-pressure field (pour slot) when airflow at 500 hPa layer over Langfang was west-northwest airflow in front of the high pressure ridge, and the latter dominated the atmospheric circulation for Level-6 air pollution. (4) The meteorological conditions for formation of continuous heavy air pollution events were as follows: surface wind direction was southwesterly to westerly or easterly to southeasterly, wind scale was below 2 grades,∣ΔP3∣was less than 3.0 hPa in February and March, and less than 2.0 hPa in rest months, relative humidity was between 40% and 95%, daily precipitation was less than 0.6 mm, an inversion layer occurred near the surface (its average height below 900 hPa, thickness≥10 hPa, and strength ≥1 ℃). (5) When Langfang was situated in the surface low-pressure convergent condition, and an inversion layer with thickness≥20 hPa and strength≥3 ℃ occurred below 925 hPa, it was propitious to serious air pollution formation. In addition, northeasterly to easterly surface wind with 1-grade wind scale and relative humidity≥50% in Langfang would promote formation and development of continuous days of high pollution concentrations. (6) Examination of the evolution of a regional heavy pollution event in Hebei and the HYSPLIT backward trajectories of air particles during  February 11-15, 2014 indicated that terrain impacts from Yanshan and Taihang Mountains and air pollutants transported from Hebei and its surrounding heavy pollution areas were important factors for continous heavy pollution weathers.

Key words: continuous heavy air pollution weather, circulation configuration, meteorological conditions, high pollution concentration, impacting factorscontinuous heavy air pollution weather, circulation configuration, meteorological conditions, high pollution concentration, impacting factorscontinuous heavy air pollution weather, circulation configuration, meteorological conditions, high pollution concentration, impacting factors

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