Journal of Arid Meteorology

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Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of Highway Visibility in Qinghai Province and Its Influencing Factors

PEI Shaoyang1, ZHOU Dan1, BAO Guangyu1, SHEN Yanling2   

  1. 1. Meteorological Service Center of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China;
    2. Meteorological Science Institute of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China
  • Online:2017-12-29 Published:2017-12-29

青海省公路沿线能见度时空变化特征及其影响因素

裴少阳1,周  丹1保广裕1申燕玲2   

  1. 1.青海省气象服务中心,青海 西宁 810001;
    2.青海省气象科学研究所,青海 西宁 810001
  • 通讯作者: 周丹(1989—),从事干旱气象、专业气象预报服务研究. E-mail:www.zhoudan.6666@163.com。
  • 作者简介:裴少阳(1963— ),女,工程师,从事专业气象预报服务研究. E-mail:498082018@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:

    青海省气象局2015年预报员专项(青气预函201508)资助

Abstract:

Based on the visibility ground observation data of 50 meteorological stations near the highways and digital elevation model (DEM) in Qinghai Province, the temporal and spatial characteristics of visibility were studied by using the gradient distance square inverse spatial interpolation method. Combined with the heavy fog days, windy sand storm days and short-term heavy rainfall data, the causes of visibility change were analyzed by using synoptics theories. The results are as follows: (1) The annual, seasonal, monthly and diurnal average visibility along the highways in Qinghai Province were generally low in the east and west and high in the middle, and the average visibility in eastern Yushu, Guoluo, Hainan, western Haibei, middle and eastern Haixi was better, which was conducive to the safe operation of highways traffic, while it in Xining, Haidong, Huangnan, middle and eastern Haibei, Golmud was worst, which influenced the safe operation of highways traffic significantly, We should guard against potential risks. (2) The annual average visibility ranged from 17.4 km to 48.8 km along the highways in Qinghai Province. The monthly variation of visibility was significant, while the diurnal variation wasn’t obvious. (3) The heavy fog, windy dust storms and short-term heavy rainfall played important roles in influencing the visibility changes along the highways in Qinghai Province.

Key words: Qinghai Province, visibility, change characteristics, cause analysis

摘要:

基于青海省公路沿线附近青海境内50个气象站点2004—2015年能见度地面观测资料和DEM数据,采用梯度距离平方反比空间插值方法,进行能见度的时空特征分析,在此基础上结合大雾、大风沙尘暴、短时强降水等观测资料,对能见度变化成因进行天气学分析。结果表明:(1)青海省公路沿线年、季、月、日平均能见度大体呈东西低、中间高的空间分布特征,其中玉树东部、果洛州、海南州、海北西部、海西中东部地区平均能见度最好,有利于公路交通线路的安全运行,而西宁地区、海东市、黄南州、海北中东部、格尔木地区平均能见度最差,对公路交通运行安全影响较大,应注意防范;(2)全省年平均能见度在17.4~48.8 km之间,能见度的月变化特征显著,但日变化特征不明显;(3)造成青海省能见度时空变化的主要天气现象有大雾、大风沙尘暴和短时强降水。

关键词: 青海省, 能见度, 变化特征, 成因

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