Journal of Arid Meteorology

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Characteristics and Its Causes of Dust Events in Spring of 2013 over Northern China

DUAN HaixiaLI Yaohui   

  1. Institute of Arid Meteorology,CMA; Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province; Key Open Laboratory of Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA,Lanzhou 730020, China
  • Online:2014-05-17 Published:2014-05-17

2013 年春季沙尘天气特征及其成因

段海霞李耀辉   

  1. 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所, 甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室
  • 作者简介:段海霞(1980 - ), 女, 甘肃金昌人, 副研究员, 研究方向为天气动力学及中尺度数值模拟. E - mail: dhx8199@ hotmail. com
  • 基金资助:

    干旱气象基金项目(IAM201112)和沙漠气象科学基金(Sqj2012003)共同资助

Abstract:

In spring of 2013, there were seven times sand and dust weather processes including two sandstorm processes over North China,the frequency of sand and dust weathers was obviously few,but the occurrence time of dust storms was earlier and the influencing area was larger,so the synoptics and climatological characteristics in winter of 2012 and spring of 2013 were analyzed in this paper. Some results are obtained as follows:(1) In 2012/2013 winter,weaker cold air and higher temperature were not conducive to soil freezing,and at the same time,as a result of less precipitation in Xinjiang,west of Inner Mongolia,the ground surface vegetation condition was bad there. In addition,the zonal wind was the positive anomaly of westerly wind over Mongolia and the most region of Inner Mongolia,which was conductive to dust emission and dust particles conveying to east region,so that’ s why the occurrence time of dust
storms was earlier in 2013. (2) In March and April of 2013, there was still fewer precipitation, lower soil humidity and higher temperature in most parts of northern China,so the soil thawed early and ground vegetation conditions couldn’ t be improved,which were important factors why the dust weathers occurred during this period. (3) Although it was higher temperature,fewer precipitation and lower soil moisture in spring of 2013,sandstorm weathers actually decreased,which showed these factors were not direct factors of dust storm occurrence,they were only indirect reasons for short - term climate change resulted in sanstorm occurring.

Key words:  spring of 2013, sandstorm, characteristic, cause

摘要:

2013 年春季, 我国共出现了 7 次沙尘天气过程, 其中沙尘暴 2 次, 扬沙 5 次, 是沙尘天气频次总体偏少, 但发生时间偏早、 影响范围较广的一年。通过对 2012/2013 年冬季及 2013 年春季天气气候特征的分析表明:(1)2012/2013 年冬季, 西伯利亚高压脊较常年平均明显偏弱, 影响我国北方地区的西北气流及冷空气偏弱, 我国大部地区气温偏高, 不利于冬季土壤冻结, 土质较为疏松, 加之蒙古国及内蒙古大部地区纬向风为偏西风的正距平区, 有利于起沙及沙尘粒子向偏东方向输送, 这是造成2013 年沙尘天气早发的主要原因;(2)2013 年春季, 我国北方大部地区处于该弱脊脊前西北气流, 我国北方除东北地区气温较常年偏低外, 其他大部地区气温均偏高, 土壤解冻较早, 加之 3 ~4 月降水偏少, 植被状况偏差, 土质疏松, 是形成沙尘天气的主要原因;(3)气温偏高、 降水偏少、 土壤湿度降低,但 2013 年春季沙尘暴反而减少了, 说明这些因素并不是沙尘暴发生的直接因素, 而是造成沙尘暴发生的短期天气气候变化的间接原因。

关键词: 春季沙尘暴, 特征, 天气气候成因

CLC Number: