Analysis of the“8·26”extreme precipitation event in the Tuhai-Majia River Basin based on new observational data

doi:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639-2026-03-0412

Abstract

Abstract:

Under the background of global warming, extreme precipitation events occur frequently in the Tuhai-Majia River Basin, which can easily trigger basin-wide floods and urban waterlogging. Focusing on the extreme precipitation event that occurred in this basin on 26 August 2024, this study comprehensively applies multi-source new observational data, including dual-polarization radar, wind profiler radar, millimeter-wave cloud radar, and raindrop disdrometer, to analyze its formation mechanism. The results show that the Yellow River cyclone followed an uncommon track and moved slowly, resulting in a prolonged duration of heavy rainfall. The water vapor originated from the East China Sea and the Bohai Bay, converging strongly over the basin and providing exceptionally high-humidity environmental conditions for the extreme precipitation. The establishment of low-level jets and the intrusion of mid-level cold air further enhanced the dynamic conditions.Dual-polarization radar and raindrop size distribution data clearly reveal the evolution characteristics of the microphysical mechanisms of the extreme precipitation. During the warm-front precipitation stage, the number concentration of raindrops of all sizes was generally higher, the precipitation was the strongest, with hourly rainfall exceeding 100.0 mm and the maximum minute-scale rainfall reaching 3.1 mm. During the cold-front precipitation stage, the raindrop size distribution width increased, but the number concentration of medium-to-large raindrops decreased. During the precipitation stage influenced by the cyclone center, the raindrop size distribution width was the largest, while the number concentration of raindrops was the lowest, resulting in the weakest rainfall intensity. Cloud radar observations show that strong updrafts promoted cloud development, while downdraft enhancement and speed spectral width variation reflected phase transitions and collision-coalescence processes, corresponding well with precipitation intensity.

Key words: extreme precipitation, new observational data, the Tuhai-Majia River Basin, microphysical mechanism

摘要：

全球变暖背景下，徒骇-马颊河流域极端降水频发，易引发流域性洪水、城市内涝等灾害。针对2024年8月26日该流域极端降水过程，综合运用双偏振雷达、风廓线雷达、毫米波云雷达及雨滴谱等多源新型观测资料，分析其形成机制。结果表明：黄河气旋移动路径较为罕见且移速缓慢，导致强降水长时间持续；水汽源自东海及渤海湾，并在流域上空强烈辐合，为极端降水提供了异常高湿的环境条件；急流的建立及中层冷空气入侵进一步增强动力条件。双偏振雷达和雨滴谱清晰地揭示了极端降水微物理机制的演变特征：暖锋降水阶段，各粒径雨滴数浓度普遍较高，降水最强，小时雨量突破100.0 mm，过程最大分钟雨量达3.1 mm；冷锋降水期间，雨滴谱宽增大，中大粒子数量减少；气旋中心影响降水阶段，雨滴谱宽最广，但粒子数浓度最低，导致雨强最弱。云雷达观测显示，强上升运动促进云系发展，下沉运动及速度谱宽变化反映相态转换与碰并过程，与降水强度具有较好的对应关系。

关键词: 极端降水, 新型观测, 徒骇-马颊河流域, 微物理机制

CLC Number:

P458.3

GAO Leina, ZHAI Liang, ZHANG Lin, WANG Zhongshi, HAN Yajing, JIAO Yang. Analysis of the“8·26”extreme precipitation event in the Tuhai-Majia River Basin based on new observational data[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2026, 44(3): 412-424.

高雷娜, 翟亮, 张琳, 王忠石, 韩亚静, 焦洋. 基于新型观测资料的徒骇-马颊河流域“8·26”极端降水过程分析[J]. 干旱气象, 2026, 44(3): 412-424.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1 The topographic elevation (a, Unit: m) of the three-level basins of the Haihe River, and distribution of meteorological stations in the Tuhai-Majia River Basin (b)

Fig.2 The spatial distribution of accumulated precipitation (a) and maximum hourly precipitation (b) (Unit: mm) in the Tuhai-Majia River Basin, and hourly variation of precipitation at representative national stations (c) and automatic stations (d) on 26 August 2024

Fig.3 Superimposed plots of 500 hPa geopotential height (black contours, with a value interval of 4, Unit: dagpm), 850 hPa temperature (red isolines, with a value interval of 4, Unit: ℃), and wind field (blue wind vectors, Unit: m·s-1) at 08:00 (a) and 14:00 (b) on 26 August 2024

Fig.4 Superimposed plots of surface pressure field (blue lines, the interval is 5.0, Unit: hPa) and 200 hPa wind field (the color shaded, Unit: m·s-1) at 08:00 (a) and 14:00 (b), and the cyclone moving track (c) on 26 August 2024 （The red letter D indicates the low vortex center, the black arrows represent the moving track, the color shaded depicts the 24-hour accumulated precipitation at 20:00 on 26 August， Unit: mm）

Fig.5 Temporal variations of the horizontal wind field (a, Unit: m·s-1) and the retrieved vertical velocity (b, Unit: m·s-1) from the Dongying wind profiler radar on 26 August 2024

Fig.6 Simulated trajectory clustering on 26 August 2024 (a, green, blue, and red lines for trajectory lines), streamlines (blue lines) and water vapor flux divergence (the color shaded, Unit: kg·m-2·hPa-1·s-1) at 925 hPa at 16:00 on 26 August (b), and the time-height section of wind field (wind vectors, Unit: m·s-1), relative humidity (the color shaded, Unit: %) and specific humidity (black lines, Unit: g·kg-1) at Qingyun Station

Fig.7 The reflectivity factor (Unit: dBZ) from the Jinan dual-polarization radar at 08:28 (a) and 08:45 (b) on 26 August 2024, and the vertical cross sections of reflectivity factor (c, Unit: dBZ), ZDR (d, Unit: dB), and KDP (e, Unit: (°)·km-1) along the AB line (the hook echo) at 08:45 on 26 August 2024

Fig.8 The reflectivity factor (a) from the Jinan dual-polarization radar and its vertical cross section along the CD line (corresponding to the strongest echo for the cold-front precipitation) (b) at 12:15 on 26 August 2024 (Unit: dBZ)

Fig.9 Composite reflectivity factor (Unit: dBZ) from the Binzhou dual-polarization radar at 13:37 (a) and 15:00 (b) on 26 August 2024, and vertical cross sections of reflectivity factor (c, Unit: dBZ) and KDP (d, Unit: (°)·km-1) along the EF line (corresponding to the cold-front precipitation) at 13:37 on 26 August 2024

Fig.10 Temporal variations of raindrop size distribution （lg N（D））（the color shaded， Unit： m-3·mm-1） and minute-by-minute precipitation （black line） observed at Lincheng from 01：00 to 13：00 on 26 August 2024

Fig.11 Temporal variations of raindrop size distribution （lg N（D））（the color shaded， Unit： m-3·mm-1） and minute-by-minute precipitation （black line） observed at Zhanhua from 08：00 to 20：00 on 26 August 2024

Fig.12 Temporal variations of reflectivity (a, Unit: dBZ), radial velocity (b, Unit: m·s-1) and spectrum width (c, Unit: m·s-1) observed by the Jinan cloud radar from 20:00 on 25 August to 20:00 on 26 August 2024

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