Characteristic analysis of early spring hail in Chengdu based on S-band polarization radar

doi:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2024)-01-0095

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to better carry out the monitoring, forecasting and early warning of hail weather in Chengdu, the characteristics of dual-polarization parameters of hail in early spring in Chengdu were studied by using the S-band dual-polarization radar detection of Chengdu, combined with the regional automatic weather station and conventional observation data. The fine structure of hail cloud was analyzed and compared with the short-term heavy precipitation in early spring of the same year. The results show that under the dynamic condition of strong ascending motion formed by the coupling of the high and lower-level jets, the high-level cold advection combined with the surface cold air jointly triggered the hail weather of Chengdu “3·16”. At the maturity stage, the central reflectivity factor (Z_H) of hail cloud was more than 70 dBZ and there were obvious overhanging strong echo. Besides, the differential reflectivity (Z_DR) and correlation coefficient (CC) of hail cloud were concentrated in -2-1 dB and 0.8-0.95, respectively, accompanied by specific differential phase shift rate (K_DP) hole and CC valley structure in front of the cloud, and there was a typical Z_DR column near strong updraft. With the weakening of the ascending motion, the Z_DR large value area decreases with distance appeares in front of hail cloud, while CC shows increasing trend. Compared to hail cloud, the Z_H of heavy precipitation convective cloud was smaller, while the Z_DR and CC were significantly larger, and there was no overhanging strong echo and obvious Z_DR column in front of the convective cloud.

Key words: dual-polarization radar, hail, dual-polarization signatures, Chengdu

摘要：

为更好地开展成都冰雹天气的监测预报预警工作，利用成都S波段双偏振雷达探测资料，结合区域自动气象站以及常规观测资料，对成都初春冰雹的双偏振参量特征进行研究，重点分析冰雹云的精细结构，并与同年初春发生的短时强降水进行对比分析。结果表明：在高低空急流耦合形成强上升运动的动力条件下，高层冷平流结合地面冷空气共同触发了成都“3·16”冰雹天气。发展成熟的冰雹云，其中心反射率因子（Z_H）超过70 dBZ且存在明显的悬垂强回波，差分反射率（Z_DR）和相关系数（Correlation Coefficient， CC）分别集中在-2~1 dB和0.8~0.95，并伴有差分相移率（K_DP）空洞和云体前侧的CC谷结构，同时在强上升气流附近存在典型的Z_DR柱。伴随上升运动减弱，冰雹云前侧出现随距离递减的Z_DR大值区，相反CC则呈现递增趋势。相较冰雹云，强降水对流云的Z_H较小，而Z_DR、CC明显偏大，且其前侧未出现悬垂强回波及明显的Z_DR柱。

关键词: 双偏振雷达, 冰雹, 偏振参量特征, 成都

CLC Number:

P412.25

ZHOU Cong, ZHANG Tao, XIA Xin, ZHANG Kui. Characteristic analysis of early spring hail in Chengdu based on S-band polarization radar[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2024, 42(1): 95-106.

周聪, 张涛, 夏昕, 张葵. 基于S波段双偏振雷达的成都初春冰雹特征分析[J]. 干旱气象, 2024, 42(1): 95-106.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 The hail cloud reflectivity factor ZH（color shaded， Unit： dBZ） at 1.5°elevation from Chengdu radar at different times from 19：02 to 21：02， and extreme wind（wind vectors， Unit： m·s-1） at Chengdu national weather stations from 18：00 to 21：00 on 16 March 2022

Fig.2 The ZH (a, Unit: dBZ) at 1.5° elevation, and vertical cross-section of ZH (b, Unit: dBZ) and V (c, Unit: m·s-1) along the AB line segment from Chengdu radar at 19:59 on 16 March 2022

Fig.3 The ZH (a, Unit: dBZ) at 1.5° elevation, vertical cross-section of ZH (b, Unit: dBZ) and V (c, Unit: m·s-1) along the CD line segment from Chengdu radar at 20:45 on 16 March 2022

Fig.4 The ZH (a, b) (Unit: dBZ), ZDR (c, d) (Unit: dB), KDP (e, f) (Unit: (°)·km-1) and CC (g, h) at 1.5° elevation from Chengdu radar at 20:22 (a, c, e, g) and 20:45 (b, d, f, h) on 16 March 2022

Fig.5 The ZH (a, Unit: dBZ) at 1.5° elevation, vertical cross-section of ZH (b, c, gray solid lines) (Unit: dBZ), ZDR (b, color filled) (Unit: dB) and CC (c, color filled) along the EF line segment, respectively, from Chengdu radar at 20:22 on 16 March 2022

Fig.6 The vertical cross-section of ZH（a， b， gray solid lines）（Unit： dBZ）， ZDR（a， color filled）（Unit： dB） and CC（b， color filled） along the CD line segment in fig.3（a）， respectively， from Chengdu radar at 20：45 on 16 March 2022

Fig.7 The ZH (a, Unit: dBZ) at 1.5° elevation, and vertical cross-section of ZH (b, c, gray solid lines) (Unit: dBZ), ZDR (b, color filled) (Unit: dB) and CC (c, color filled) along the GH line segment, respectively, from Chengdu radar at 20:47 on 11 April 2022

Fig.8 The correlation between ZH and ZDR（a）， KDP（b）， CC（c） of severe convective echo at 1.5° elevation from Chengdu radar on 11 April 2022， respectively

Fig.9 The correlation between ZH and ZDR（a）， CC（b） of severe convective echo at 1.5° elevation from Chengdu radar on 16 March 2022， respectively

Fig.10 Box plots of ZH（a）， ZDR（b） and CC（c） at 1.5° elevation from Chengdu radar on 16 March and 11 April 2022

References 39

[1]	曹俊武, 刘黎平, 葛润生, 等, 2005. 模糊逻辑法在双偏振雷达识别降水粒子相态中的研究[J]. 大气科学, 29(5): 827-836.
[2]	陈关清, 杨群, 李伟栋, 等, 2016. 贵州铜仁连续两次冰雹天气过程的对比分析[J]. 干旱气象, 34(1): 163-172. DOI
[3]	褚颖佳, 郭飞燕, 高帆, 等, 2023. 冷涡影响下两次不同类型强对流过程对比分析[J]. 干旱气象, 41(2): 279-289. DOI
[4]	范思睿, 陶丽, 张恒, 等, 2017. 四川一次超级单体风暴的多普勒雷达观测分析[J]. 高原山地气象研究, 37(1): 73-79.
[5]	冯晋勤, 张深寿, 吴陈锋, 等, 2018. 双偏振雷达产品在福建强对流天气过程中的应用分析[J]. 气象, 44(12): 1 565-1 574.
[6]	姬雪帅, 王丽婧, 郭宏, 2022. 基于多源观测资料对张家口一次雨雪天气降水相态特征的分析[J]. 干旱气象, 40(3): 507-515. DOI
[7]	雷瑜, 黄武斌, 黎倩, 等, 2022. 不同天气分型下甘肃河东地区强冰雹天气多普勒雷达产品特征[J]. 干旱气象, 40(2): 234-243. DOI
[8]	李晓霞, 李常德, 马国涛, 等, 2020. 一次冰雹强对流天气过程的潜势条件和中尺度特征分析[J]. 沙漠与绿洲气象, 14(4): 69-77.
[9]	林文, 张深寿, 罗昌荣, 等, 2020. 不同强度强对流云系S波段双偏振雷达观测分析[J]. 气象, 46(1): 63-72.
[10]	刘黎平, 2002. 双线偏振多普勒天气雷达估测混合区降雨和降雹方法的理论研究[J]. 大气科学, 26(6): 761-772.
[11]	刘黎平, 钱永甫, 王致君, 等, 1996. 用双线偏振雷达研究云内粒子相态及尺度的空间分布[J]. 气象学报, 54(5): 590-599.
[12]	刘黎平, 张鸿发, 王致君, 等, 1993. 利用双线偏振雷达识别冰雹区方法初探[J]. 高原气象, 12(3): 333-337.
[13]	刘晓璐, 刘东升, 张世林, 等, 2012. 近30年四川冰雹气候特征[J]. 气象, 38(10): 1217-1224.
[14]	罗玲, 佘一坤, 王珊, 等, 2018. 四川盆地中部冰雹天气过程成因诊断分析[J]. 农业与技术, 38(17): 135-139.
[15]	潘佳文, 蒋璐璐, 魏鸣, 等, 2020b. 一次强降水超级单体的双偏振雷达观测分析[J]. 气象学报, 78(1): 86-100.
[16]	潘佳文, 魏鸣, 郭丽君, 等, 2020a. 闽南地区大冰雹超级单体演变的双偏振特征分析[J]. 气象, 46(12): 1 608-1 620.
[17]	祁红彦, 刘立兵, 2015. 成都市冰雹的时空变化与地形特征分析[J]. 气象科技, 43(3): 503-505.
[18]	王洪, 吴乃庚, 万齐林, 等, 2018. 一次华南超级单体风暴的S波段偏振雷达观测分析[J]. 气象学报, 76(1): 92-103.
[19]	王建林, 刘黎平, 曹俊武, 等, 2005. 双线偏振多普勒雷达估算降水方法的比较研究[J]. 气象, 31(8): 25-41.
[20]	王小明, 谢静芳, 王侠飞, 等, 1992. 强对流天气的分析及短时预报[M]. 北京: 气象出版社: 28-29.
[21]	许敏, 沈芳, 刘璇, 等, 2022. 京津冀“7·5”强对流天气形成的环境条件及中尺度特征[J]. 干旱气象, 40(6): 993-1 002. DOI
[22]	杨淑群, 邱予声, 2012. 四川省冰雹的时空变化特征[J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 34(11): 63-68.
[23]	叶东, 2020. 一次强风雹天气的干侵入作用及雷达回波特征分析[J]. 沙漠与绿洲气象, 14(5): 44-52.
[24]	俞小鼎, 2011. 强对流天气的多普勒天气雷达探测和预警[J]. 气象科技进展, 1(3): 31-41.
[25]	俞小鼎, 2014. 关于冰雹的融化层高度[J]. 气象, 40(6): 649-654.
[26]	俞小鼎, 郑媛媛, 张爱民, 等, 2006. 安徽一次强烈龙卷的多普勒天气雷达分析[J]. 高原气象, 25(5): 914-924.
[27]	张晓茹, 贾宏元, 谭志强, 等, 2008. 宁夏南部山区两次冰雹过程对比分析[J]. 沙漠与绿洲气象, 15(3): 29-37.
[28]	赵坤, 周仲岛, 潘玉洁, 等, 2008. 台湾海峡中气旋结构特征的单多普勒雷达分析[J]. 气象学报, 66(4): 437-651.
[29]	郑媛媛, 俞小鼎, 方翀, 等, 2004. 一次典型超级单体风暴的多普勒天气雷达观测分析[J]. 气象学报, 62(3): 317-328.
[30]	朱官忠, 1991. 山东盛夏的一次强风暴过程的中尺度分析[J]. 气象, 17(12): 22-26.
[31]	BRANDES E A, VIVEKANANDAN J, TUTTLE J D, et al, 1995. A study of thunderstorm microphysics with multiparameter radar and aircraft observations[J]. Monthly Weather Review, 123(11): 3 129-3 143.
[32]	BRINGI V N, KNUPP K, DETWILER A, et al, 1997. Evolution of a Florida thunderstorm during the convection and precipitation/electrification experiment: the case of 9 August 1991[J]. Monthly Weather Review, 125(9): 2 131-2 160.
[33]	HALL M P M, GODDARD J W F, CHERRY S M, 1984. Identification of hydro-meteors and other targets by dual-polarization radar[J]. Radio Science, 19(1): 132-140.
[34]	HUBBERT J C, BRINGI V N, 2000. The effects of three-body scattering on differential reflectivity signatures[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 17(1): 51-61.
[35]	KUMJIAN M R, RYZHKOV A V, 2008. Polarimetric signatures in supercell thunderstorms[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 47(7): 1 940-1 961.
[36]	KUMJIAN M R, RYZHKOV A V, 2012. The impact of size sorting on the polarimetric radar variables[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 69(6): 2 042-2 060.
[37]	KUMJIAN M, 2013. Principles and applications of dual-polarization weather radar. Part II: Warm-and cold-season applications[J]. Journal of Operational Meteorology, 1(20): 243-264.
[38]	LESINS G B, LIST R, 1986. Sponginess and drop shedding of gyrating hailstones in a pressure-controlled icing wind tunnel[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 43(23): 2 813-2 825.
[39]	SELIGA T A, BRINGI V N, 1976. Potential use of radar differential reflectivity measurements at orthogonal polarizations for measuring precipitation[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 15(1): 69-76.