Temporal and Spatial Distribution and Anomalous Circulation Characteristics of Winter Rainstorms in Hainan Province

doi:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2021)-05-0759

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on daily precipitation data at eighteen meteorological stations of Hainan Island, and 6-hour NCEP reanalysis data in winter from 1951 to 2016, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of winter rainstorms in Hainan Island were analyzed statistically. And the main influencing synoptic systems and anomalous circulation characteristics of winter rainstorms were contrastively analyzed, taking two persistent rainstorm processes from 27 to 28 December 2008 and 14 to 15 December 2013 in Hainan Island as examples. The results are as follows: (1) The winter rainstorms were easily to occur in the early winter (December) in Hainan Island, and its inter-annual and inter-decadal variation characteristics were obvious during 1951-2016, the winter rainstorms were frequent since 2000. (2) The days and precipitation of winter rainstorms increased gradually from west to east in Hainan Island, and the center of winter rainstorms located in Wanning of southeastern Hainan Island. (3) During the rainstorm processes in winter, Hainan was in front of southern branch trough and the back of the bottom of cold high. The easterly jet maintained in low layer, the southern branch trough was stronger and southward than the normal, and the cold air was weaker. The intensive disturbance in front of southern branch trough was beneficial to the enhancement of southwesterly wind anomaly and the occurrence of negative anomaly of low-level water vapor flux divergence over Hainan Island (especially the big negative anomaly of water vapor flux divergence in the east), which provided water vapor and disturbance transport for winter rainstorms in Hainan.

Key words: winter rainstorm, temporal-spatial distribution, synoptic systems, circulation anomaly, Hainan Island

摘要：

利用1951—2016年海南岛18个气象观测站逐日降水资料以及NCEP逐6 h再分析资料,统计分析海南岛冬季暴雨的时空特征,并以2008年12月27—28日和2013年12月14—15日两次冬季持续性暴雨过程为例,分析海南岛冬季暴雨的主要影响系统及其环流异常特征。结果表明:(1)近66 a来,海南岛冬季暴雨多发生在初冬(12月),且具有明显的年际及年代际变化特征,2000年以后冬季暴雨出现频繁;(2)海南岛冬季暴雨日数和雨量均自西向东逐渐递增,其中心均位于东南部的万宁地区;(3)典型冬季暴雨过程中,海南岛位于南支槽前、冷高压底后部,低层有偏东风急流维持,南支槽较常年偏强偏南,冷空气势力偏弱,加强的槽前扰动使得海南上空西南风异常增强,且出现了较强的水汽通量散度负异常(尤其是海南岛东部为负异常大值区),为海南冬季暴雨的发生提供水汽和扰动。

关键词: 冬季暴雨, 时空分布, 天气系统, 环流异常, 海南岛

CLC Number:

P426.6

YANG Wei,FENG Wen,ZENG Li,CHEN Youlong. Temporal and Spatial Distribution and Anomalous Circulation Characteristics of Winter Rainstorms in Hainan Province[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2021, 39(5): 759-765.

杨薇,冯文,曾丽,陈有龙. 海南省冬季暴雨时空分布及环流异常特征[J]. 干旱气象, 2021, 39(5): 759-765.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1 The spatial distribution of average rainstorm days (a, Unit: d) and the daily maximum precipitation (b, Unit: mm) in winter from 1951 to 2016 in Hainan Island (The number at each station represents the maximum rainstorm days and the daily maximum precipitation in winter, respectively)

Fig.2 The inter-annual variation of rainstorm days in winter from 1951 to 2016 in Hainan Island

Fig.3 The spatial distribution of precipitation during the rainstorm processes from 27 to 28 December 2008 (a) and 14 to 15 December 2013 (b) in Hainan Island (Unit: mm)

Fig.4 The average geopotential height (contours, Unit: dagpm) and wind field (vectors, Unit: m·s-1) on 500 hPa from 08:00 BST 27 to 08:00 BST 28 December 2008 (a) and 08:00 BST 14 to 08:00 BST 15 December 2013 (b), and the climatic mean state in the 5th (c) and the 3rd (d) pentads of December from 1951 to 2016 (the thick line for the southern branch trough)

Fig.5 The 925 hPa wind field (vectors, Unit: m·s-1) at 08:00 BST 27 December 2008 (a) and 20:00 BST 14 December 2013 (b) and the climatic mean state in the 5th (c) and the 3rd (d) pentads of December from 1951 to 2016 (the color shadow areas for jet streams with wind speed more than 12 m·s-1)

Fig.6 Sea level pressure (Unit: hPa) at 08:00 BST 27 December 2008 (a) and 20:00 BST 14 December 2013 (b) and the climatic mean state in the 5th (c) and the 3rd (d) pentads of December from 1951 to 2016

Fig.7 Anomalies of average geopotential height (contours, Unit: dagpm) and wind field (vectors, Unit: m·s-1) on 500 hPa in the 5th pentad of December 2008 (a) and the 3rd pentad of December 2013 (b)

Fig.8 Anomalies of average wind field (a, b, Unit: m·s-1) and moisture flux divergence (c, d, Unit: 10-7 g·hPa-1·cm-2·s-1) on 850 hPa in the 5th pentad of December 2008 (a, c) and the 3rd pentad of December 2013 (b, d)

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