Abstract: The observational wind speed data in 2018 at two sites located in the hinterland and the northern margin zone of the Taklimakan Desert were used to analyze the wind profile characteristics near-surface layer under typical weather conditions by using the method of synchronous comparison and statistical analysis. The results show that there were two states of change in the upper and lower layers of 0.5-80 m near surface layer. The wind speed in the upper layer was higher during the daytime than at night, and the wind speed in the lower layer was higher at night than during the daytime. Under typical weather conditions, the wind speed near the ground in Tazhong and Xiaotang area increased gradually with the increase of height. The wind speed profile appeared points of inflection at a height of 4 m near the ground. The wind speed profile above the inflection point satisfied the logarithmic-linear law, and below the inflection point it basically satisfied the logarithmic law. The wind speed in Tazhong and Xiaotang area increased significantly during the dust and storm processes. The average wind speed was 8.57 and 11.79 m·s-1, which exceeded the threshold wind speed of 8.0 m·s-1 of the sand and dust storm breaking out in the Taklimakan Desert. In addition, the maximum wind speed appeared at a height of 80 m, the suspended distance of sand and dust in the air would increase, which resulted in large-scale sand emission phenomenon. The wind speed profile fitting was suitable for logarithmic distribution when near-ground layers were neutral, and the exponential distribution was suitable for non-neutral layers in Tazhong and Xiaotang area.

Key words:  Taklimakan desert, atmospheric boundary, wind profile

摘要： 利用塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中和北缘肖塘2018年风速观测资料，运用对比与统计分析方法，分析沙漠腹地和北缘在不同典型天气下近地层风速廓线特征。结果表明：在近地层0.5~80 m上下层之间有两种变化状态，高层风速夜间大于白天，低层风速白天大于夜间。在各种典型天气下，塔中和肖塘地区近地层风速随高度的增高逐渐增大，风速廓线在近地层4 m处皆出现拐点，拐点以上风速廓线满足对数-线性规律，拐点以下基本满足对数规律。塔中和肖塘在沙尘暴爆发期间风速显著增大，平均风速分别为8.57和11.79 m·s-1，超过塔克拉玛干沙漠沙尘暴爆发风速8.0 m·s-1，且在80 m处达到最大，导致沙尘在空中悬浮距离增大，形成大规模起沙现象。塔中和肖塘近地层为中性层结时风速廓线符合对数分布，非中性层结时符合指数分布。

关键词: 塔克拉玛干沙漠, 大气边界层, 风速廓线