Journal of Arid Meteorology ›› 2021, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 262-268.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2021)-02-0262

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Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Wind Disaster and Its Causes in Northern Xinjiang from 1980 to 2019

WU Xiulan1, MA Yu1, CHEN Ruiyong2   

  1. 1. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Climate Center, Urumqi 830002, China;
    2. CNG New Energy Xinjiang Branch Company, Urumqi 830011, China
  • Online:2021-04-30 Published:2021-05-07

1980—2019年北疆风灾时空变化特征及成因

吴秀兰1,马禹1,陈睿勇2   

  1. 1.新疆维吾尔自治区气候中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002;
    2.中广核新能源新疆分公司, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 通讯作者: 马禹(1967— ),女,硕士,研究员,主要从事气候变化研究. E-mail: rainhorse6709@163.com。
  • 作者简介:吴秀兰(1988— ),女,硕士,工程师,主要从事气候影响评价与气象灾害研究.
  • 基金资助:
    新疆区域协同创新专项(2019E0208)资助

Abstract: Based on the occurrence number of wind disasters and its associated disaster situations data including death tolls, collapsed houses, collapsed sheds, dead livestock, disaster-affected area of crop in 38 counties or cities of northern Xinjiang from 1980 to 2019, the disaster damage index of strong wind was constructed by using the normalized and weighted sum methods, and the perniciousness grades of wind disasters were determined for each county or city and each year according to the probability density distribution. Compared with average wind speed at 44 weather stations, planting area of crops and livestock number in each county or city of northern Xinjiang, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of wind disasters and its causes were studied. The results show that the heavier wind disaster and above levels mainly distributed in the agricultural and pastoral areas, draughts and developed cities of the north, Yili river valley and along Tianshan mountain area of northern Xinjiang, which was basically consistent with the spatial distribution of wind speed. The wind disaster mainly occurred in spring in northern Xinjiang, and its frequency and intensity was maximum in April, which corresponded to the seasonal distribution of wind speed. The wind disaster damage presented a significant increasing trend in northern Xinjiang in the past 40 years, and the damage index increased by 0.24 per 10-year. Under the background of climate warming, the fluctuation increased and the perniciousness strengthened, which was closely related to the increase of crop planting area and livestock, while there wasn’t obviously relevant to the wind speed.

Key words: wind disaster, disaster damage index, spatial and temporal distribution, change cause, disaster-affected body

摘要: 基于1980—2019年北疆38县市风灾次数及其造成的死亡人数、倒塌房屋数、倒塌棚圈数、牲畜死亡数、农作物受灾面积等灾情资料,构建大风灾损指数,并根据概率密度分布确定风灾危害性等级。在此基础上,结合44个气象站平均风速、各县市农作物播种面积和牲畜存栏数资料,研究分析北疆风灾的时空变化特征及成因。结果表明:北疆地区风灾较重以上等级主要分布在北部、伊犁河谷和沿天山一带的农牧区、风口区及经济发达城市,这与风速的空间分布基本一致。风灾主要发生在春季,4月为高发、重发期,这与风速的季节分布相吻合。近40 a来,北疆风灾损失呈显著上升趋势,灾损指数每10 a增加0.24,且在气候变暖背景下大风灾损的波动性加剧、危害性增强,这与农作物播种面积和牲畜存栏数等承灾体的增加关系密切,而与风速无明显关系。

关键词: 风灾, 灾损指数, 时空分布, 变化成因, 承灾体

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