Journal of Arid Meteorology ›› 2020, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 242-248.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2020)-02-0242

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Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Short-term Strong Rainfall and Topography Causes in Lanzhou

ZHANG Ning1, LIU Kenan2, WANG Suichan1, WANG Ji1, CHEN Ziyan1   

  1. 1. Lanzhou Meteorological Bureau of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730020, China;
    2. Meteorological Observatory of the 96727 Troop of the PLA, Jieyang 515300, Guangdong, China
  • Online:2020-04-28 Published:2020-04-28

兰州市短时强降水的时空分布特征及地形因素

张宁1,刘科男2,王遂缠1,王骥1,陈自艳1   

  1. 1.甘肃省兰州市气象局,甘肃 兰州 730020;
    2.中国人民解放军96727部队气象台,广东 揭阳 515300
  • 通讯作者: 王遂缠,男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为气象预警与服务. E-mail: WscLetter@163.com。
  • 作者简介:张宁(1989— ),女,工程师,从事中短期天气预报及灾害性天气研究. E-mail: 395998248@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    兰州市科技计划项目“兰州市强对流天气短时临近预报集成系统”(2018-4-57)和甘肃省气象局“青年优秀科技人才”专项项目(GSMArc2019-14)共同资助

Abstract: Based on hourly precipitation data at 144 regional automatic stations and national stations in Lanzhou of Gansu Province from April to September during 2010-2018 and geographic information data, the temporal and spatial distributions of short-term strong rainfall were analyzed in detail, and the relationship between frequency of short-term strong rainfall and geographic elements was discussed quantitatively. The results show that the threshold of short-term strong rainfall in Lanzhou was 10 mm·h-1, and the short-term strong rainfall events concentrated from late July to August, its frequency was the highest from 21:00 BST to 22:00 BST. The frequency of short-term strong rainfall had obvious spatial difference in Lanzhou, and it was more in the south and less in the north as a whole. Although the frequency of short-term strong rainfall varied significantly at different stations in Lanzhou, it wasn’t obvious dispersion and fitted the normal distribution. The frequency distribution of short-term strong rainfall was closely related with altitude, windward side and slope, so the high frequency area mostly distributed in the bell-mouth of valley, the windward slope, the urban heat island area and alpine mountainous area in Lanzhou.

Key words: short-term strong rainfall, temporal and spatial distribution, terrain characteristics

摘要: 利用甘肃兰州地区144个区域自动站和国家站2010—2018年4—9月逐小时降水资料和地理信息数据,详细分析了兰州市短时强降水的时空分布特征,探讨短时强降水频次与地形因子的关系。结果表明:兰州市短时强降水的阈值为10 mm·h-1,短时强降水事件主要发生在7月下旬至8月,21:00—22:00是集中高发时段;短时强降水频次空间分布不均,总体呈南多北少的分布格局,各站虽有显著差异,但未发生明显离散,符合正态分布,且与海拔高度、迎风坡向及坡度等地形因子显著相关,短时强降水高发区主要集中在山谷喇叭口、南风迎风坡、城市热岛区、高寒山区。

关键词: 短时强降水, 时空分布, 地形特征

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