Abstract:

In the flood season (from June to August) of 2020, Gansu Province experienced intensive precipitation with long duration and wide ranges. The performances of three global models (ECMWF, GRAPES_GFS and NCEP_GFS) and four regional models (GRAPES_3 km, GRAPES_LZ10 km, GRAPES_LZ3 km and regional model SMS-WARMS in East China) for 24-hour accumulated precipitation forecast were evaluated in this paper. The main results are as follows: (1) The ECMWF model surpassed the other two global models in forecast performance, while among regional models, the GRAPES_3 km and the SMS-WARMS were better, and the latter was more stable. (2) The regional models had lower accuracy of rain probability forecast and TS, ETS, POD than those of global models for light and moderate rain, but for rainstorms they outperformed global models; the POD and Bias of regional models for heavy rain and rainstorms were significantly higher than those of global models. (3) According to the differences of 500 hPa circulation pattern, the precipitation in Gansu could be divided into two types including subtropical high marginal type and low trough type. Four subtropical high marginal precipitation processes and three low trough precipitation processes in flood season of 2020 were tested and evaluated. For global models and regional models, they all had better capability in predicting precipitation with different magnitudes for the former type than the latter one. The ECMWF model and regional models were better than the NCEP_GFS model and the GRAPES_GFS model in predicting heavy rain and rainstorm. Among global models, the ECMWF model had the best forecast effect for the two precipitation types, and the East China regional model had the best forecast effect for the two precipitation types among regional models. (4) All the seven models had good forecasting capability for the spatial orientation of moderate and heavy rain for both rainfall types, while the forecast effect of rainfall location for subtropical high marginal type was better than that of low-trough type, but the predicted precipitation intensity was stronger than observations, especially for the center of precipitation.

Key words: numerical models, precipitation prediction verification, Gansu, MODE

摘要：

2020年汛期6—8月甘肃降水日数多、持续时间长、范围广、强度大,对该时间段内3种全球模式（ECMWF、GRAPES_GFS和NCEP_GFS模式）和4种区域模式[GRAPES区域数值预报业务系统（GRAPES_3 km）、西北区域区域模式（GRAPES_LZ10 km）、西北区域快速更新循环预报系统（GRAPES_LZ3 km）和华东区域模式（SMS-WARMS）]24 h累计降水预报性能进行检验评估。结果表明：（1）全球模式中ECMWF模式的预报性能优于其余2个模式,而区域模式中GRAPES_3 km和SMS-WARMS模式预报性能相对较好,且SMS-WARMS模式预报性能更稳定。（2）区域模式晴雨准确率及小雨和中雨的TS评分、ETS评分、命中率低于全球模式,暴雨优于全球模式;大雨和暴雨的空报率和预报偏差均高于全球模式。（3）根据500 hPa环流形势可将甘肃汛期降水划分为副高边缘型和低槽型2种类型,针对2020年4次副高边缘型和3次低槽型降水进行分类检验评估。全球模式和区域模式均对前者的各个量级降水预报性能优于后者;ECMWF模式和区域模式对2种类型大雨和暴雨预报效果优于NCEP_GFS和GRAPES_GFS模式;全球模式中ECMWF模式、区域模式中SMS-WARMS模式对2种类型降水预报效果最好。（4）7种模式对2种类型中雨和大雨雨带走向预报较好,对副高边缘型降水过程降水落区的预报能力优于低槽型降水过程,但预报降水强度较观测偏强,尤其是降水中心区域。

关键词: 数值模式, 降水预报检验, 甘肃, MODE