Effects of different irtigation sources on growth characteristics and yields of celery in semi-arid region

doi:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2023)-03-0359

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to seek a suitable irrigation water source in the Tao river irrigation area of Dingxi of Gansu Province, this study adopts a completely randomized treatment design and sets three irrigation water sources including local shallow underground water and the Tao river irrigation and their alternative irrigation, among the underground water irrigation as a control treatment, and the effects of different irrigation water sources on celery growth characteristics, water consumption, yield, water use efficiency and economic benefits are explored in semi-arid region. The results show that compared with underground water irrigation, the plant height of celery under the Tao river irrigation and alternative irrigation both underground water and the Tao river decreases by 6.07 cm and 3.33 cm, the stem thicknesses decrease by 1.22 mm and 0.78 mm, the soil water storage decrease by 1.27% and 1.98%, the yields of celery decrease by 15.08% and 1.57%, the water use efficiency decrease by 15.53% and 2.46%, and the irrigation water use efficiency decrease by 15.46% and 2.01%, respectively, while the total water consumption increase by 0.09% and 0.47%, and the net income of celery increase by 3.1% and 18.0%, respectively. The increase of celery yields is the most obvious under the underground water irrigation, but its water cost is the most expensive, so its economic benefit is lower. Although the celery yields and water use efficiency under the alternative irrigation are slightly lower than that under the underground water irrigation, the water cost reduced greatly, so the economic benefit is the highest. The water cost under the Tao river irrigation is low, but its economic benefit increase slightly due to all indexes of celery decreasing significantly (P<0.05). In summary, the alternative irrigation both underground water and the Tao river can be used as a feasible and effective irrigation mode to increase production and income of farmers in the Tao river irrigation area of Dingxi.

Key words: underground water irrigation, the Tao river irrigation, alternative irrigation both underground water and the Tao river, celery, water use efficiency, economic benefits

摘要：

为寻求定西市引洮灌区芹菜适宜灌溉水源，本文采用完全随机试验设计，共设置3种灌溉水源，分别为地下水灌溉（对照）、引洮水灌溉和地-引交替灌溉，探究半干旱区不同灌溉水源对土壤水分状况和芹菜生长特性、耗水量、产量、水分利用效率及经济效益等影响。结果表明：与地下水灌溉相比，引洮水灌溉和地-引交替灌溉的芹菜株高分别降低6.07、3.33 cm，茎粗分别降低1.22、0.78 mm，土壤贮水量分别降低1.27%和1.98%，芹菜产量分别降低15.08%和1.57%，水分利用效率分别降低15.53%和2.46%，灌溉水利用效率分别降低15.46%和2.01%，总耗水量分别增加0.09%和0.47%，芹菜净收益分别增加3.1%和18.0%。地下水灌溉增产效果最明显，但水费高，经济效益较低;地-引交替灌溉虽然产量和水分利用效率略低于地下水灌溉，但水费大大降低，经济效益反而最高;引洮水灌溉下的各项指标均显著偏低（P<0.05），尽管水费低，但经济效益较地下水灌溉增幅不大。综合来看，地-引交替灌溉可作为定西市引洮灌区农民增产增收的一种可行有效的灌溉水源。

关键词: 地下水灌溉, 引洮水灌溉, 地-引交替灌溉, 芹菜, 水分利用效率, 经济效益

CLC Number:

LI Yongjun, ZHAO Xiaole. Effects of different irtigation sources on growth characteristics and yields of celery in semi-arid region[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2023, 41(3): 359-367.

李拥军, 赵晓乐. 半干旱区不同灌溉水源对芹菜生长特性和产量的影响[J]. 干旱气象, 2023, 41(3): 359-367.

Figures/Tables 9

Tab.1 The chemical properties of soil at different depths of the topsoil

土层深度/cm	全氮/ （g·kg^-1）	全磷/ （g·kg^-1）	全钾/ （g·kg^-1）	有机质/ （g·kg^-1）	水解氮/ （mg·kg^-1）	速效磷/ （mg·kg^-1）	速效钾/ （mg·kg^-1）	pH值
0~20	0.59	0.68	25.93	10.12	72.12	8.34	125.12	7.78
>20~40	0.49	0.59	23.87	8.25	35.41	4.35	86.23	7.73

Tab.2 Water quality of irrigation water

类型	总氮/（mg·L^-1）	总磷/（mg·L^-1）	氨氮/ （mg·L^-1）	钙/ （mg·L^-1）	镁/ （mg·L^-1）	铁/ （mg·L^-1）	钾/ （mg·L^-1）	矿化度/ （mg·L^-1）	pH值
地下水	10.60	0.11	1.12	98.40	229.21	<0.025	17.54	2 140	7.49
引洮水	0.75	0.01	<0.025	16.67	38.04	<0.025	1.66	298	7.30

Fig.1 Irrigation and precipitation of celery during the growth period

Fig.2 Changes of plant height （a） and stem diameter （b） of celery under different irrigation water sources

Fig.3 Change of soil water content before and after the first irrigation （on 24 May） of different water sources （a） underground water irrigation，（b） Tao river irrigation，（c） alternative irrigation both underground water and Tao river

Fig.4 Soil water storage at 0-100 cm depth under different irrigation water sources at different growth periods （The different letters indicate that the difference is significant under different treatments at P<0.05 level， while the same letters indicate that the difference isn’t significant. the same as below）

Fig.5 Water consumption （a） and intensity of daily water consumption （b） of celery under different irrigation water sources at different growth periods

Tab.3 Yield and water use efficiency of celery under different irrigation water sources

不同处理	初始土壤贮水量/mm	季末土壤贮水量/mm	产量/ （kg·hm^-2）	水分利用效率/（kg·hm^-2·mm^-1）	灌溉水利用效率/（kg·hm^-2·mm^-1）
地下水灌溉	273.0a	306.0a	67 635a	118.0a	157.3a
引洮水灌溉	270.4a	302.3a	57 433b	99.6b	132.9b
地-引交替灌溉	271.8a	299.4a	66 572a	115.1a	154.1a

Tab.4 Economic benefits of celery under different irrigation water sources

不同处理	支出					收入	净收益
不同处理	芹菜苗	肥料	水费	人工	其他	收入	净收益
地下水灌溉	15 000	5 400	13 824	750	500	54 348	18 874
引洮水灌溉	15 000	5 400	4 838	750	500	45 946	19 458
地-引交替灌溉	15 000	5 400	9 331	750	500	53 258	22 276

References 41

[1]	陈亭亭, 杨培伟, 张树辉, 2019. 芹菜素抗肿瘤机制的研究进展[J]. 中国现代应用药学, 36(4):507-510.
[2]	陈云香, 李芳, 陈浩伟, 等, 2022. 甘肃省引洮供水工程水环境效益综合评价研究[J]. 中国农村水利水电,(7):170-174.
[3]	丁艳宏, 屈忠义, 李昌见, 等, 2018. 不同灌溉水源及方式对玉米生长特性及水肥利用效率的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 37(8):1-7.
[4]	董海霞, 2020. 内官-香泉盆地蔬菜种植区地下水利用及水资源置换调查分析[J]. 甘肃水利水电技术, 56(2):18-20.
[5]	方彦杰, 张绪成, 于显枫, 等, 2020. 旱地立式深旋耕方式下有机肥替代对饲用玉米耗水特性和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 46(12):1 958-1 969.
[6]	盖钧镒, 2013. 试验统计方法[M]. 4版. 北京: 中国农业出版社.
[7]	郭勇, 马娟娟, 郑利剑, 等, 2022. 滴灌水分调控对设施芹菜生长与水分利用的影响[J]. 节水灌溉, (9):9-16.
[8]	郝秀芬, 2016. 绿叶菜类蔬菜施肥技术[J]. 天津农林科技,(1):29-30.
[9]	寇霞, 贾晔, 2018. 定西市安定区引洮供水一期工程受水区水资源高效利用探索[J]. 农业科技与信息,(5):99-101.
[10]	李富春, 王琦, 张登奎, 等, 2018. 坡地打结垄沟集雨对水土流失、紫花苜蓿干草产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 32(1):147-156.
[11]	李明, 葛晨昊, 邓宇莹, 等, 2020. 黄土高原气象干旱和农业干旱特征及其相互关系研究[J]. 地理科学, 40(12):2 105-2 114.
[12]	李小东, 张凤华, 朱煜, 2016. 新疆南疆典型地区农业灌溉水质与土壤盐渍化关系的研究[J]. 新疆农业科学, 53(7):1 260-1 267.
[13]	梁丽霞, 杨富元, 张忠扬, 等, 2022. 引洮一期工程对受水区水资源变化影响研究[J]. 中国农村水利水电,(8):84-89.
[14]	梁媛媛, 孙景生, 郭凤台, 等, 2009. 日光温室芹菜适宜灌溉指标研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 28(2):48-50.
[15]	刘娜, 黄武斌, 杨建才, 等, 2022. 基于SCTP-RF算法的甘肃省短期定量降水客观预报方法研究[J]. 干旱气象, 40(1): 146-155. DOI
[16]	马尚宇, 于振文, 张永丽, 等, 2014. 不同畦宽灌溉对小麦耗水特性和产量及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 47(8):1 531-1 540.
[17]	马筱建, 孙景生, 刘浩, 等, 2018. 不同方式加气灌溉对温室芹菜生长及产量的影响研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 37(4):29-33.
[18]	毛盛林, 上官周平, 2022. 近20年黄土高原土地利用/植被覆盖变化特征及其成因[J]. 水土保持研究, 29(5):213-219.
[19]	闵迪, 王增红, 李援农, 等, 2020. 不同灌水和施氮水平对河西春玉米水氮利用效率和经济效益的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 38(5):153-160.
[20]	农业部环境保护科研监测所, 2006. 农田灌溉水质标准:GB5084—2005[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社.
[21]	潘春洋, 杨树青, 娄帅, 等, 2020. 多水源交替灌溉模式对玉米生长特性及产量的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料,(1):165-171.
[22]	孙耀民, 王勇, 王则勋, 等, 2021. 引黄灌溉对土壤质地和小麦产量影响的试验研究[J]. 水利科学与寒区工程, 4(5):21-25.
[23]	王艳芳, 曹玲, 陈宝悦, 等, 2014. 咸淡水交替灌溉对芹菜生长及品质的影响[J]. 北方园艺, (10):5-8.
[24]	吴凯, 殷会娟, 何宏谋, 等, 2020. 基于水文连通特征的黄土高原淤地坝系水资源挖潜调控利用体系[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报, 28(3):717-726.
[25]	杨海兴, 张晶, 李强, 等, 2019. 兰州高原夏菜芹菜标准化栽培技术[J]. 中国蔬菜,(1):92-93.
[26]	杨军, 廉晓娟, 王艳, 等, 2016. 滴灌条件下不同灌溉量对芹菜耗水量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 江苏农业学报, 32(3):656-661.
[27]	杨丽杰, 曹彦超, 刘维成, 等, 2022. 陇东黄土高原旱区短时强降水的时空分布特征及地形影响研究[J]. 干旱气象, 40(6):945-953. DOI
[28]	杨阳, 刘良旭, 张萍萍, 等, 2023. 黄土高原土壤水分-有机碳-微生物耦合作用研究进展[J]. 生态学报, 43(4):1 714-1 725.
[29]	张凯, 张玉鑫, 陈年来, 等, 2012. 甘肃省高原夏菜种植气候区划[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 40(5):179-185.
[30]	张晓娟, 李玉莲, 王晓军, 等, 2017. 不同栽培与灌溉方式对设施芹菜生长及产量的影响[J]. 中国农村水利水电,(2):40-42.
[31]	朱静, 杨再强, 柳笛, 等, 2012. 设施芹菜光合特性对寡照胁迫的响应[J]. 干旱气象, 30(1):53-58.
[32]	邹宇锋, 蔡焕杰, 张体彬, 等, 2020. 河套灌区不同灌溉方式春玉米耗水特性与经济效益分析[J]. 农业机械学报, 51(9):237-248.
[33]	BELTRÁN SANAHUJA A, PONCE LANDETE M, et al,DOMINGO MARTÍNEZ M I, 2021. Optimization of volatile compounds extraction from industrial Celery (Apium graveolens) by-products by using response surface methodology and study of their potential as antioxidant sources[J]. Foods, 10(11), 2664. DOI: 10.3390/foods10112664. DOI URL
[34]	CAI L P, FAN D L, WEN X J, et al, 2022. Spatiotemporal tendency of agricultural water use efficiency in the northernmost Yellow River: indicator comparison and interactive driving factors[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 205: 268-379.
[35]	MAHESHWARI B L, GREWALH S, 2009. Magnetic treatment of irrigation water: its effects on vegetable crop yield and water productivity[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 96(8): 1 229-1 236.
[36]	MASSERONI D, GANGI F, GALLI A, et al, 2022. Behind the efficiency of border irrigation: lesson learned in Northern Italy[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 269, 107717. DOI:10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107717. DOI URL
[37]	SUN H Y, LIU C M, ZHANG X Y, et al, 2006. Effects of irrigation on water balance, yield and WUE of winter wheat in the North China Plain[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 85: 211-218. DOI URL
[38]	TANG J J, FOLMER H, XUE J H, 2015. Technical and allocative efficiency of irrigation water use in the Guanzhong Plain, China[J]. Food Policy, 50:43-52. DOI URL
[39]	YANG J Y, HE Z L, YANG X E, et al, 2014. Effect of lead on soil enzyme activities in two red soils[J]. Pedosphere, 24(6):817-826. DOI URL
[40]	ZAVADIL J, 2006. Optimization of irrigation regime for early potatoes, late cauliflower, early cabbage and celery[J]. Soil and Water Research, 13(4):139-152.
[41]	ZHENG J H, HUANG G H, WANG J, et al, 2013. Effects of water deficits on growth, yield and water productivity of drip-irrigated onion (Allium cepa L.) in an arid region of Northwest China[J]. Irrigation Science, 31(5):995-1 008.