Journal of Arid Meteorology

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Meso-micro Scale Characteristics About a Hailstorm in Central and Southern Hebei Province

ZHANG Nan1, CAO Xiaochong1, YAN Xuejin1, ZHANG Lixue2, PEI Yujie1   

  1. 1. Hebei Meteorological Observatory, Shijiazhuang 050021, China;
    2. Shahe Meteorological Bureau of Hebei Province, Xingtai 054100, China
  • Online:2016-08-31 Published:2016-08-31

冀中南地区一次冰雹天气的中小尺度特征

张南1曹晓冲1闫雪瑾1张利学2裴宇杰1   

  1. 1.河北省气象台,河北石家庄050021;2.河北省沙河市气象局,河北邢台054100
  • 作者简介:张南(1980- ),女,河北丰南人,高级工程师,主要从事天气预报业务与相关科研工作. E-mail:zn2000_nan@aliyun.com
  • 基金资助:

    中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2015-005)和河北省气象局强对流创新团队项目共同资助

Abstract:

Based on the conventional sounding data at 08:00 BST and 14:00 BST, hourly wind field from automatic weather station from 08:00 BST to 20:00 BST and visible cloud images from FY-2E satellite with 1.25 km resolution, lighting data and 6-minutely Doppler radar in Shijiazhuang on 22 June 2014, the circulation background and characteristics of meso-scale system about a hailstorm weather process occurring in Shijiazhuang area of Hebei Province were analyzed, and the key points in refined forecasting of hailstorm were found. The results showed that the unstable stratification with the dry and cold air at the upper level and wet and warm air at the low level occurring in the southeast of cold vortex in upper level, was benefit to the hailstorm. The intrusion of dry and cold air and convergence line over boundary triggered the severe hailstorm. The arcus line around the convective cloud cluster which formed near the cold vortex and up rushing cloud top on visible images was conductive to determine the evolution of convective cloud, which had some certain reference for short-term warning. The strong vertical wind shear before the severe convection weather was contributes to the development of multi-cell storm including the supercell storm, and the multi-cell storm with the typical hailstorm feature of side-lobe echo and three-body scattering was the direct influencing system of the hailstorm weather. The storm moved to the right side of the steering flow, and the velocity was approximately equal to the mean environmental wind, which provided reference for the refined warning of hail area. The number of positive lightning significantly increased when the hail occurred, and the spatial distribution of positive lightning was corresponding to the radar echo and hail path, which had better early warning indication and was useful complement for the radar classification warning.

Key words: hail, supercell, visible images, lightning, refined warning

摘要:

利用2014年6月22日08:00及14:00常规探空观测资料,08:00—20:00自动站逐时风场资料、闪电资料、FY-2E可见光云图及石家庄站多普勒雷达逐6 min资料,对发生在河北石家庄的一次冰雹天气的中尺度系统特征及环流背景进行分析,探寻此类灾害性天气精细化预警着眼点。结果表明:高空冷涡东南象限中“上干冷下暖湿”的不稳定区域是强对流出现的潜势区,干冷空气入侵和边界层辐合线是河北中南部地区对流的触发条件;分散的对流云团在冷涡附近形成,外围的弧状云线逐步发展加强,弧状云线和上冲云顶的识别和分析有利于判断对流云团的发展变化趋势,其演变对短临预警有较大的参考意义。对流发生前中等偏强的垂直风切变有利于超级单体的发展;包含超级单体的多单体风暴是本次过程的直接影响系统,并伴有旁瓣回波、三体散射等典型雹暴回波特征;风暴向引导气流偏右侧方向移动,移速与平均环境风相当,为精细化落区预警提供参考;冰雹出现时正闪比例增加,其空间分布与雷达回波和冰雹路径对应,对冰雹短临精细化预警具有较好的指示意义,可作为雷达分类预警的有益补充。

关键词: 冰雹, 超级单体, 可见光云图, 闪电, 精细化预警

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