Satellite observation and numerical simulation of gravity wave excited by a convection over North China

doi:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639（2022）-03-0444

Abstract

Abstract:

The convection-excited gravity waves can transfer momentum and energy to the middle atmosphere, and it is very important to accurately obtain the main characteristics of gravity waves for studying the dynamics and thermodynamic structure of the middle atmosphere. Based on the constellation observing system for meteorology, ionosphere and climate (COSMIC) data and the weather research and forecasting model (WRF), the gravity wave excited by a convection over North China on 4 August 2010 was investigated in this paper. The results show that the gravity waves excited by the convection were mainly low and medium frequency wave in the stratosphere, and the vertical and horizontal wavelengths were 9-11 km and 650-800 km in the stratosphere, respectively. About 62% of momentum was aggregated in 15-25 km height of the lower stratosphere. During the occurrence of convection activity, the potential energy per unit mass of gravity wave in the lower stratosphere always maintained a large value, while in the upper stratosphere it decreased rapidly when the convection weakened, and it increased rapidly with the next convection once again. The response of potential energy per unit mass of stratospheric gravity wave to convection at different heights was mainly related to the development height of convection and the background wind field. When the convection development was shallow, the excited gravity wave was easily dissipated in the low-level westerly wind. However, when the convection developed to 16 km or higher, the excited gravity wave was close to the zero wind layer, and it could be rapidly uploaded in the easterly wind, resulting in rapid increase of gravity wave potential energy per unit mass in the upper layer.

Key words: gravity wave, convection, satellite observation, WRF simulation

摘要：

对流激发的重力波能够向中层大气输送动量和能量,准确获取重力波主要特征对于研究中层大气的动力学和热力学结构非常重要。本文利用COSMIC（constellation observing system for meteorology, ionosphere and climate）资料,结合中尺度数值预报模式WRF（weather research and forecasting）,对2010年8月4日发生在华北地区上空的一次对流激发的重力波事件进行分析。结果表明：此次事件激发的重力波在平流层以中低频重力波为主,且在平流层中垂直波长、水平波长分别为9~11 km和650~800 km,约62%的动量聚集在15~25 km高度的低平流层。在对流活动发生期间,低平流层重力波势能密度一直维持较大数值,而上平流层重力波势能密度则在对流减弱后迅速减小,且伴随着下一次对流活动的出现再次迅速增大。平流层不同高度上重力波势能密度对对流活动的响应主要与对流发展高度和背景风场有关,当对流发展较浅时,其激发的重力波在低层西风中易耗散;当对流发展较深到16 km甚至更高时,其激发的重力波接近零风层,并在东风中迅速上传,使得高层重力波势能密度增加较快。

关键词: 重力波, 对流, 卫星观测, WRF模拟

CLC Number:

P412.291

YIN Qingqing, REN Lu, TIAN Wenshou, WANG Tao, YANG Jingyi, ZHANG Jiankai. Satellite observation and numerical simulation of gravity wave excited by a convection over North China[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2022, 40(3): 444-455.

殷青青, 任璐, 田文寿, 王涛, 杨景怡, 张健恺. 华北地区一次对流激发重力波的卫星观测和数值模拟研究[J]. 干旱气象, 2022, 40(3): 444-455.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1 The altitude （color shaded areas, Unit： m） of simulation area by WRF model and double grid domains （rectangle areas）, and the location distribution of selected profiles from COSMIC satellite （red dots）（The scanning time of red sampling point 1 （115.60°E, 37.04°N）, 2 （117.36°E, 39.83°N） and 3 （118.08°E, 36.56°N） is 12：19 UTC, 18：30 UTC and 12：19 UTC, respectively）

Tab.1 Parameterized scheme setting of WRF model

参数化方案	设置
微物理参数化方案	WSM3方案^[38]
积云参数化方案	Grell-Devenyi积云对流方案^[39]
行星边界层方案	MYJ方案^[40]
长波辐射方案	RRTM方案^[41]
短波辐射方案	Dudhia方案^[42]
近地面层方案	MYJ Monin-Obukhov方案^[43]
陆面过程方案	Noah 方案^[44]

Fig.2 The spatial distribution of brightness temperature at 8.1 μm （a） and amplitude of brightness temperature disturbance at 4.3 μm （b） from AIRS at 18：05 UTC on 4 August 2010 （Unit： K ）（The value of brightness temperature in regions enclosed by white solid line is less than 220 K）

Fig.3 The profiles of disturbance temperature （a）, vertical wavelength （b）, potential energy per unit mass （c） and momentum flux （d） at different sampling points from COSMIC satellite on 4 August 2010 （The number 1, 2, 3 represent the sampling points in Fig. 1. the same as below）

Fig.4 The comparison of temperature field （color shaded areas, Unit： K） and horizontal wind field （white arrows, Unit： m·s-1） from ERA5 reanalysis data （a, b, c, d） and WRF simulation （e, f, g, h） at 30 hPa from 00：00 UTC to 18：00 UTC on 4 August 2010（a, e） 00：00 UTC, （b, f） 06：00 UTC, （c, g） 12：00 UTC, （d, h） 18：00 UTC

Fig.5 The comparison of observed TBB from FY-2E satellite （a, b, c, d, e, f） with simulated CTT by WRF model（g, h, i, j, k, l） from 06：00 UTC to 21：00 UTC on 4 August 2010 （Unit： K）（a, g） 06：00 UTC, （b, h） 09：00 UTC, （c, i） 12：00 UTC, （d, j） 15：00 UTC, （e, k） 18：00 UTC, （f, l） 21：00 UTC

Fig.6 The profiles of disturbance temperature （a）, vertical wavelength （b）, potential energy per unit mass （c）and momentum flux （d） simulated by WRF model at different sampling points on 4 August 2010

Fig.7 The distribution of vertical velocity from WRF model at 30 hPa from 06：00 UTC to 21：00 UT C on 4 August 2010 （Unit： m·s-1）（a） 06：00 UTC, （b） 09：00 UTC, （c） 12：00 UTC, （d）15：00 UTC, （e） 18：00 UTC, （f） 21：00 UTC

Fig.8 The longitude-height distribution of vertical velocity （color shaded areas, Unit： m·s-1） and potential temperature（black solid lines, Unit： K） from WRF model along 38°N from 06：00 UTC to 21：00 UTC on 4 August 2010 （a） 06：00 UTC, （b） 09：00 UTC, （c） 12：00 UTC, （d） 15：00 UTC, （e） 18：00 UTC, （f） 21：00 UTC

Fig.9 The change of vertical wavelength （a, Unit： km）, horizontal wavelength （b, Unit： km）, potential energy per unit mass （c, Unit： J·kg-1） and momentum flux （d, Unit： Pa） simulated by WRF model with height and time from 00：00 UTC on 4 to 00：00 UTC on 5 August 2010

Fig.10 The change of average potential energy per unit mass （a） and convective intensity （b） with time simulated by WRF model at different heights （The dotted lines are the corresponding time with the peak value of average potential energy per unit mass at different heights, and the red triangle marks the moment for strongest convection）

Fig.11 The longtitude-height section of u component of wind simulated by WRF model along 38°N from 02：00 UTC on 4 to 06：00 UTC on 5 August 2010 （a） 02：00 UTC 4, （b） 06：00 UTC 4, （c） 10：00 UTC 4, （d） 14：00 UTC 4, （e） 18：00 UTC 4,（f） 22： 00 UTC 4, （g） 02：00 UTC 5, （h） 06：00 UTC 5 （The wind speed for black solid line is equal to 0 m·s-1, and the radar reflectivity factor in area enclosed by purple solid line is greater than or equal to 20 dBZ）

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