干旱气象

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一次持续性雾霾天气的边界层结构特征

张静1,2,刘端阳1,2,钱映月3,严文莲2,康志明2   

  1. 1.中国气象局交通气象重点实验室,江苏南京210008;2.江苏省气象台,
    江苏南京210008;3.江苏省无锡市气象局,江苏无锡214108
  • 出版日期:2018-06-30 发布日期:2018-06-30

Boundary Layer Features of the Successional Fog
 and Haze Episode in Jiangsu Area

ZHANG Jing1,2, LIU Duanyang1,2, QIAN Yingyue3,YAN Wenlian2, KANG Zhiming2   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing 210008, China;
    2. Meteorological Observatory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210008, China;
    3. Wuxi Meteorological Observatory of Jiangsu Province, Wuxi 214108, Jiangsu, China
  • Online:2018-06-30 Published:2018-06-30

摘要:

利用江苏省及周边地区地面气象站和探空站气象要素及PM2.5质量浓度数据,对2013年12月上旬影响江苏及周边地区的一次持续性雾霾天气进行了综合分析。结果表明,本次持续性雾霾天气过程中,925 hPa和850 hPa西南气流维持时间较长,使得中低层逆温结构持续维持。强冷空气是驱散雾霾的主力军,弱冷空气造成贴地逆温维持,对连续雾霾没有清除作用,反而增加了雾霾的持续性。冷空气影响前为上升气流,结束后转为下沉气流,垂直速度小及下沉气流造成逆温持续维持。持续性逆温或等温是雾霾长时间维持的热力条件,小风速及弱垂直运动是动力条件。东南风为大范围雾的形成和维持提供充足的水汽条件。

关键词: 持续性, 雾霾, 边界层, 逆温, 冷空气

Abstract:

By analyzing the conventional observation data and the PM2.5 concentration, the boundary layer features of a successional fog and haze episode during 1-9 December 2013 in Jiangsu were discussed. The results show that during the continuous fog and haze process, the long-time maintenance of southwest flow on 925 hPa and 850 hPa made the inversions continue for longer time. Strong cold air was the main force for the dispersal of fog and haze. The weak cold air caused the ground inversion to maintain, and the continuous fog and haze had not been removed. Instead, it increased the persistence time of fog and haze. It was upflow before the cold air invaded and then it turned to be downdraft, and the lower vertical velocity and the downdraft caused the inversion to continue. Continuous inversion or isotherm was the thermal condition of long time maintenance of haze and fog. Small wind speed and weak vertical motion were dynamic conditions. The southeast wind provided sufficient water vapor conditions for the formation and maintenance of the wide range fog.

Key words:  persistence, fog and haze, boundary layer, inversion, cold air