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东疆地区汛期降水集中度和集中期的时空变化特征

苗运玲1张云惠2卓世新2张志高3   

  1. 1.新疆乌鲁木齐市气象局, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830006;
    2.新疆气象局, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002;
    3.安阳师范学院资源环境与旅游学院,河南 安阳 455000
  • 出版日期:2017-12-29 发布日期:2017-12-29
  • 作者简介:苗运玲(1976— ),女,高级工程师,研究方向为新疆灾害性天气机理分析. E-mail:1360455877@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:

    中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(IDM2016001)和国家自然科学基金(41602366)共同资助

Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of PCD and PCP in Eastern Xinjiang in Flood Season

MIAO Yunling1, ZHANG Yunhui2, ZHUO Shixin2, ZHANG Zhigao3   

  1. 1. Urumqi Meteorological Bureau of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830006, China;
    2. Xinjiang Meteorological Bureau, Urumqi 830002, China;
    3. School of Resources Environment and Tourism, Anyang Normal College, Anyang 455000,  He’nan, China
  • Online:2017-12-29 Published:2017-12-29

摘要:

利用东疆地区6个国家气象站1961—2016年汛期(5—9月)逐日降水序列资料,分析了东疆地区降水集中度(PCD)和集中期(PCP)的时空分布特征和变化规律。结果表明:近56 a来,东疆地区汛期PCD平均为0.35,呈逐年微弱减小趋势(-0.02·(10 a)-1),表明汛期降水趋于均匀化;汛期PCP平均为35.0候,呈逐年推迟趋势(0.45候·(10 a)-1),表明汛期降水有所推后。汛期PCD和PCP空间分布不均匀,南部平原大、北部山区小,最小值均出现在天山北麓巴里坤。汛期PCD和PCP在整个时段内都存在13 a左右的长周期变化,且前者在1996年发生突变,以下降趋势为主,表明降水集中度逐渐减弱,趋于均匀化。通过汛期降水量与汛期PCD、PCP的相关合成分析,发现少水年PCD较多水年偏大,而多水年PCP较少水年偏晚。

关键词: 汛期, 降水, 集中度, 集中期, 时空分布

Abstract:

Based on the daily precipitation data in flood season (from May to September) at 6 weather stations in eastern Xinjiang from 1961 to 2016, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of precipitation concentration degree (PCD) and precipitation concentration period (PCP) in flood season were analyzed by using the methods of linear trend analysis, correlation analysis, Mann-Kendall test, Morlet wavelet analysis, etc. The results show that the average value of PCD in flood season was 0.35 in the east of Xinjiang, and PCD had a weak decreasing trend with a rate of -0.02 per 10-year in the past 56 years, which indicated that the rainfall in flood season tended to be uniform. The average value of PCP in flood season was 35.0 pentad, and the increasing trend of PCP was significant with a rate of 0.45 pentad per 10-year during 1961-2016, which indicated that the time of rainfall in flood season delayed. In space, PCD and PCP in flood season were uneven, and their distribution situations had great difference, but PCD and PCP in plain in south part of eastern Xinjiang were bigger, while they were smaller in mountain area of north part of eastern Xinjiang, the minimum values of them occurred in Balikun of northern Tianshan Mountain. There was 13-year period of PCD and PCP in eastern Xinjiang in flood season during 1961-2016. The mutation of PCD occurred in 1996, and it presented decreasing trend, which indicated that PCD generally decreased and the rainfall tended to be uniform. The result of correlation and composite analysis showed that PCD was bigger and PCP was earlier in less rainfall years compared with them in more rainfall years.

Key words: flood season, rainfall, PCD, PCP, spatial and temporal distributions

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