干旱气象

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近53 a宁夏暴雨时空分布特征

  

  1. 1.宁夏防灾减灾重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750002;
    2.宁夏回族自治区银川市气象局,宁夏 银川 750002;
    3.宁夏回族自治区气象局,宁夏 银川 750002;
    4.兰州大学大气科学学院,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 出版日期:2015-08-31 发布日期:2015-08-31
  • 基金资助:

    国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项(HY2012060510)、宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金(NZ08161)和宁夏防灾减灾重点实验室项目(2011-02)共同资助

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Rainstorms in Ningxia During 1961-2013

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in Ningxia, Yinchuan 750002,China;
    2. Yinchuan Meteorological Observatory of Ningxia, Yinchuan 750002, China;
    3. Ningxia Meteorological Bureau,Yinchuan 750002, China;
    4.College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Online:2015-08-31 Published:2015-08-31

摘要:

利用1961~2013年宁夏25个常规观测站资料和2007~2013年220个区域自动站暴雨观测资料,对宁夏暴雨的气候特征进行分析,发现宁夏暴雨呈“南多北少”的整体分布特征,暴雨易发区为中卫市以南和贺兰山东麓。近53 a来,宁夏暴雨有3个集中期,尤其是21世纪后暴雨剧增,其中宁夏南部山区和银川平原暴雨频数增加明显。宁夏暴雨存在明显的月、日变化特征,暴雨主要发生在7月上旬到9月上旬,短时暴雨主要集中在午后到夜间(即下午16时至次日02时),这一特征与气温(热量)及对流发展的日变化比较一致。宁夏暴雨发生频数存在明显的准16 a、20 a年代际、2~3 a年际变化特征和准10 d的低频振荡特征。

关键词: 暴雨, 气候特征, 精细化, 时空分布

Abstract:

Based on the daily precipitation data of 25 conventional weather stations from 1961 to 2013 and 220 automatic weather stations from 2007 to 2013 in Ningxia, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of rainstorms in Ningxia were analyzed. The results showed that the rainstorms in Ningxia had been more in the southern part and less in the northern part as a whole, and concentrated in the south of Zhongwei and east of the Helan Mountain. In the past 53 years, there were three concentration periods of rainstorm  including 1961-1979, 1995-2002 and 2006-2013, especially the rainstorms increased sharply after 2000, which mainly appeared in southern mountains of Ningxia and Yinchuan plain. The daily and monthly changes of rainstorm in Ningxia were obvious. The rainstorms concentrated from July to September, and the short-time rainstorms mainly occurred from 16:00 to 02:00, which was more consistent with the daily variation of temperature. The rainstorms in Ningxia had obvious 16 a and 20 a interdecadal, 2-3 a interannual period oscillation and 10 d low frequency oscillation characteristics analyzed by using Mexico-hat wavelet.

Key words: rainstorm, climatic characteristics, high resolution analysis, temporal and spatial distribution

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