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甘肃省强降水变化特征

程瑛 1 侯政君 2孔祥伟 1李荣庆 1   

  1. 1. 兰州中心气象台, 甘肃 兰州 730020;
    2. 南京信息工程大学, 江苏 南京 210044
  • 出版日期:2014-05-17 发布日期:2014-05-17
  • 作者简介:程瑛(1966 - ), 女, 甘肃酒泉人, 高级工程师, 主要从事气候变化的研究. E - mail:kyzy_chengy@163. com
  • 基金资助:

    中国气象局小型业务建设项目 “环境气象业务(空气污染气象条件预报)系统建设” 资助

Variation Characteristic of Heavy Rainfall in Gansu Province

CHENG Ying 1HOU Zhenjun 2KONG Xiangwei 1 ,LI Rongqing 1   

  1. 1. Lanzhou Central Meteorological Observatory,Lanzhou 730020,China;
    2. Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China
  • Online:2014-05-17 Published:2014-05-17

摘要:

利用甘肃省 1960 ~2011 年逐日降水量及 1984 ~2011 年暴洪灾害的灾情资料, 分析了甘肃省强降水变化特征及其对社会经济的影响。结果表明:(1)近 52 a 来, 甘肃省降水量整体上呈逐年减少趋势, 空间上由东南向西北递减;(2)河西年降水在 1986 年以后均匀度明显下降, 而河东在 20 世纪70 年代后期降水时间分布很不均匀、 80 年代后期较均匀, 其它时间变化不大;河西 5 ~9 月降水在 20世纪 80 年代后期到 90 年代前期分布最不均匀, 河东 20 世纪 90 年代后期到 21 世纪初期降水不均匀性有所增加, 此后逐渐减小;(3)河西西部一直是近 50 a 甘肃降水量分布最不均匀的地区, 20 世纪 70年代及 21 世纪以来不均匀度明显较高;(4)20 世纪 80 年代以来, 甘肃河西强降水明显增加, 而河东在 21 世纪初有短时段的增加, 2008 年以后又逐渐减少;(5)甘肃省暴洪灾害的频次及其造成的直接经济损失均呈增加趋势, 而因暴洪灾害造成的死亡人数在减少, 2009 年以后略有增加。

关键词: 甘肃省, 基尼系数, 强降水日, 特征, 影响

Abstract:

Based on daily precipitation data during 1960 - 2011 and flood disasters data in Gansu Province during 1984 - 2011,the spatial and temporal distributions of heavy rainfall and its impact on social economy were analyzed. The results were as follows: (1)The annual precipitation in Gansu showed a declining trend from 1960 to 2011 as a whole,and the precipitation decreased gradually from southeast to northwest. (2) The evenness of precipitation in time domain in Gansu Province was different during 1962 - 2001, and that in Hexi was distinctly lower than that in Hedong. The evenness in annual rainfall in Hexi region decreased obviously since 1986,and the rainfall from May to September from the late 1980s to the early 1990s was the most uneven,while the temporal distribution in annual rainfall of Hedong region was uneven in the late 1970s and even in the late 1980s,and the unevenness of rainfall from May to September from the late 1990s to the early 21st century increased. (3) The temporal distribution of rainfall in western Hexi was always the most uneven in Gansu Province in the past 50 years,and the unevenness of rainfall in the 1970s and the 2000s was higher significantly. (4)Since the 1980s,heavy rainfall in Hexi region increased significantly,while that in Hedong region had a briefly increase in the early 21st century, and dropped again since 2008. (5) The frequency of flash flood and the direct economic losses caused by flash flood disasters in Gansu Province showed a increasing trend,and the death persons caused by flash flood declined,but rose slightly after 2009.

Key words:  Gansu Province, Gini coefficient, heavy rainfall day, characteristic, impact

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