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河南省夏玉米生长季水分供需时空变化特征

李喜平   

  1. 河南省鹤壁市气象局,河南 鹤壁 450003
  • 出版日期:2013-12-14 发布日期:2013-12-14
  • 作者简介:李喜平(1970 - ),男,河南鹤壁人,工程师,从事气候资源利用,气象灾害防灾减灾等方面的研究. E - mail: 938002166@163. com
  • 基金资助:

    中国气象局气象关键技术集成与应用项目(CMAGJ2013M29)及公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201006041)共同资助

Temporal and Spatial Variation About Water Requirement During Growth Season of Summer Maize in He’nan Province

LI Xiping   

  1. Hebi Meteorological Bureau of He’nan Province,Hebi 450003,China
  • Online:2013-12-14 Published:2013-12-14

摘要:

水分条件是制约河南夏玉米高产稳产的重要因素,本文利用河南省夏玉米生长季 30 个农业气象观测站 1961 ~2011 年逐日气象观测资料,计算不同生育阶段夏玉米需水量和水分亏缺量,分析其近 50 a 的水分供需条件时空变化特征。结果表明:夏玉米各生育阶段需水量呈显著的下降趋势;各生育阶段之间水分亏缺量没有显著的年际变化。分析各生育阶段水分供需情况,水分亏缺量为正值表明水分供给不足,为负值表示水分有盈余,出苗—拔节期夏玉米水分亏缺量以负值为主,拔节—抽雄期正负交替各占一半,抽雄—乳熟期和乳熟—成熟期以正值为主。空间分布上,夏玉米各生育阶段需水量与各地海拔高度呈显著负相关,全生育期负相关系数为 0. 799;各阶段水分亏缺量也有一定的相似性,水分亏缺地区主要分布在豫西和豫西北大部,水分较充足的地区主要分布在漯河、南阳、驻马店等地。

关键词: 需水量, 水分亏缺, 时空变化, 夏玉米

Abstract:

Water is one of the important factors that restricts high and stable yield of summer maize in He’nan Province. The water re-
quirement and water deficit of summer maize in different growth stage were calculated by using the daily meteorological data in 30
agrometeorological observation stations from 1961 to 2011,and the temporal variation characteristics were analyzed in recent 50 years.
The results show that the water requirement of summer maize in different growth stage decreased significantly,and the water deficit had
no significant change. The positive water deficit value means water undersupply and negative value means water surplus. The analysis
about water deficit in different growth stage showed it was negative value mainly from sprouting stage to stem extension stage,and posi-
tive value mainly from heading stage to milk stage and from milk stage to maturity stage. The water requirement in different growth stage
of summer maize had significantly negative correlation with altitude,and the negative correlation coefficient of the whole growth period
was 0. 799. The water deficit in different growth stage had some similarity,the water deficit area mainly distributed in the west and
mostly northwest of He’nan,and the sufficient water area mainly distributed in Luohe,Nanyang and Zhumadian,etc.

Key words: water requirement, water deficit, temporal and spatial variation, summer maize

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