干旱气象 ›› 2023, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 54-63.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2023)-01-0054

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

秦淮河流域气象水文要素变化特征及径流变化归因分析

张顾1,2(), 黄亮1,2, 王加虎3, 蒋志昊4, 陆晓平5, 罗晓春1()   

  1. 1.江苏省气象服务中心,江苏 南京 210008
    2.中国气象局交通气象重点开放实验室,江苏 南京 210008
    3.河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏 南京 210098
    4.江苏省水利科学研究院,江苏 南京 210017
    5.江苏省秦淮河水利工程管理处,江苏 南京 210022
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-04 修回日期:2021-06-21 出版日期:2023-02-28 发布日期:2023-02-28
  • 通讯作者: 罗晓春(1970—),男,江苏南通人,正高级工程师,主要从事气象服务研究。 E-mail:295646190@qq.com
  • 作者简介:张顾(1993—),男,江苏扬州人,硕士,工程师,主要从事气象服务和水文气象研究。 E-mail:15950505089@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41272042);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC150806);江苏省气象局科研项目(KQ202224);中国电力建设股份有限公司项目(DJ-ZDZX-2016-02)

Variation characteristics of meteorological and hydrological factors and attribution analysis of runoff variation in Qinhuai River Basin

ZHANG Gu1,2(), HUANG Liang1,2, WANG Jiahu3, JIANG Zhihao4, LU Xiaoping5, LUO Xiaochun1()   

  1. 1. Jiangsu Meteorological Service Center, Nanjing 210008, China
    2. China Meteorological Administration Transportation Meteorology Key Laboratory, Nanjing 210008, China
    3. College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
    4. Jiangsu Water Conservancy Research Institute, Nanjing 210017, China
    5. Jiangsu Qinhuai River Water Conservancy Project Management Office, Nanjing 210022, China
  • Received:2021-01-04 Revised:2021-06-21 Online:2023-02-28 Published:2023-02-28

摘要:

研究秦淮河流域气象水文要素变化特征及径流变化归因对该流域水旱灾害防御工作具有重要指导意义。利用秦淮河流域气象水文观测数据和遥感资料,采用β-z-h三参数综合指示法、联合突变检测法等分析该流域气象水文序列时空变化趋势、变异点和变异度,采用弹性系数法定量评估气候变化和人类活动对径流变化的贡献率。结果表明:(1)秦淮河流域年平均气温和年径流深呈显著增加趋势,且未来仍将保持显著增长趋势;年降水量和参考作物蒸散量呈不显著增加趋势,且未来仍将维持微弱上升;年平均相对湿度呈显著减少趋势,且未来仍将维持显著减少。年降水量未发生变异,年平均相对湿度在2004年发生巨变异,年平均气温在1994年发生强变异,年参考作物蒸散量在2003年发生中变异,年径流深在2002年发生弱变异。(2)基准期(1981—2002年)和变化期(2003—2019年)秦淮河流域径流深与降水量呈显著正相关,与参考作物蒸散量、下垫面指数呈负相关;变化期较基准期参考作物蒸散量和下垫面指数弹性系数增大,而降水量弹性系数减小,下垫面指数的变化对径流增加贡献量较大(91.20%),表明人类活动引起的下垫面变化是径流增加的主要因素,起正贡献作用。秦淮河流域城市发展应充分考虑土地利用和覆被变化的水文效应,一方面保护滞蓄能力较强的耕地和林地,另一方面关注气候变化带来的防洪压力。

关键词: 秦淮河流域, 气象水文, 时空变化, 联合突变检测, Budyko假设, 归因分析

Abstract:

Studying the variation characteristics of meteorological and hydrological factors and attribution of runoff variation in the Qinhuai River Basin has important guiding significance for the prevention of flood and drought disasters in the basin. Based on the meteorological and hydrological observation data and remote sensing data, the β-z-h three parameters comprehensive indicator method was used to study the spatiotemporal variation trend of meteorological and hydrological elements, and joint mutation detection method was used to determine the variation points and variability of meteorological and hydrological elements. The elasticity coefficient method based on Budyko hypothesis was used to quantitatively evaluate the contribution rate of climate change and human activities to runoff change. The results showed that: (1) The annual average temperature and annual runoff depth in the Qinhuai River Basin show a significant increasing trend and will continue to increase in the future; the annual precipitation and reference crop evapotranspiration did not increase significantly and will continue to increase slightly in the future; but the annual average relative humidity showed a significant downward trend, and the significant downward trend will continue in the future. The precipitation did not have a alteration, the annual average temperature had a strong alteration in 1994, the annual average relative humidity had a giant alteration in 2004, the reference crop evapotranspiration had a moderate alteration in 2003, and the runoff depth had a weak alteration in 2002. (2) There was a significant positive correlation between runoff depth and precipitation in the base period (1981-2002) and change period (2003-2019), and there was a negative correction between runoff depth and reference crop evapotranspiration, underlying surface index. During the change period, the elasticity coefficient of reference crop evapotranspiration and underlying surface index increased, while the elasticity coefficient of precipitation decreased. The main factor contributing to the increase of runoff was the underlying surface index (91.20%) change, which indicated that the change of underlying surface caused by human activities was the main factor of runoff increase and played a positive role in the increase of runoff. In the process of urban development, the hydrological effects of land use and cover change should be fully considered, farmland and woodland with strong detention capacity should be protected, moreover, the flood control pressure brought by climate change should be paid attention to.

Key words: the Qinhuai River Basin, hydro-meteorological, trend analysis, joint mutation test, elasticity coefficient, attribution analysis

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