关键词: 塔中, 气象要素, 变化, 特征

Abstract:

Based on meteorological elements data of twelve years from Tazhong meteorological station，the characteristic of wind，temperature， humidity and air pressure in Tazhong was analyzed． The results show that there is distinctive climate characteristics of temperate zone inland desert，the temperature annual range is large with maximum of 38 ℃，and temperature daily range is also large，but air humidity is small．The wind speed is more than 2． 0 m/s from March to September but less than 2． 0 m/s in winter． Diurnal variation of air pressure is biggest in spring and least in winter．The temperature at night is low and high in the afternoon． Relative humidity at night is higher than that in daytime in each season，and in winter it can be 60% ～ 70%．All meteorological elements are similar in typical clear or cloudy days，but significantly different during the sand and dust weather processes．The air pressure is reduced by about 10 hPa under dust weather condition and rises rapidly during the dust storm weather processes．The temperature at night is significantly higher under blowing sand and dust storm weather condition than that on the typical sunny day． The relative humidity under the blowing sand and dust storm condition is similar to a typical sunny day． The wind speed is 9． 7 m/s during the dust storm process and the daily average wind speed is 6． 2 m/s on that day，but under the other weather conditions，wind speed is smaller at night that that in daytime． Diurnal variation of each meteorological element on the ground is significant throughout a year，the diurnal variation of air pressure is within 3 hPa almost everyday，the temperature daily range is up to 16． 2 ℃，the relative humidity at night is about 23% to 51% and 25% during daytime．The surface wind speed is 1． 5 m/s at night and 3． 2 m/s from 16: 00 to18: 00．

Key words: Tazhong, meteorological elements, variation, characteristics