J4 ›› 2004, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (3): 1-10.

• 论文 •    下一篇

土壤一植被一大气系统水分散失机理的数值模拟

刘树华1,2蔺洪涛1胡非2梁福明1王建华1刘和平1   

  1. 1.北京大学物理学院大气科学系暴雨和早涝灾害教育部重点试验室,北京 100871;
    2.中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室,北京 100029
  • 收稿日期:2004-06-13 修回日期:2004-07-26 出版日期:2004-09-30 发布日期:2004-09-30
  • 作者简介:刘树华(1952一),男,山东淄博市人.教授,博士生导师,主要从事大气边界层物理、大气湍流、环境生态和区域气候模式和数值模拟的教学和研究.
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金资助项目(40275004);中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室,北京大学物理学院大气科学系幕雨和早涝灾害教育部重点试验室和北京大学校长基金共同资助

Numerical Simulation of Evapotranspiration Mechanism over Soil - Vegetation - Atmosphere System

 LIU Shu-Hua1,2, LIN Hong-Chao1, HU Fei2, LIANG Fu-Meng1, WANG Jian-Hua1, LIU He-Beng1   

  1. (1. Ministry Key Laboratory of Storm and Drought Flood Damage , Department of Atmospheric Sciences ,the School of Physics ,Peking University , Beijing  100871 ,China ;2. State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry , Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing  100029 ,China)
  • Received:2004-06-13 Revised:2004-07-26 Online:2004-09-30 Published:2004-09-30

摘要:

以Deardorff (1978)提出的陆面参数化方案和Noilhan等人(1989)土壤水分参数化方案为基础,对陆面物理过程参数化方案进行了改进,在模式中较详细地考虑了植被和地面的各种物理参量如地面和叶面的反射率和发射率,净叶面面积指数,植被的物理阻抗等,并与大气边界层模式藕合。应用该模式模拟了沙漠及绿洲地区不同植被覆盖率情况下的蒸散量、土壤含水量和表面温度的日变化和连续变化特征;对不同植被覆盖率的热量平衡特征进行了比较。结果表明该模式较好地反映了地表蒸散3阶段的变化趋势特征,揭示出下垫面热量平衡分间的相互转换过程。该模式可以用于中尺度的气象和区域气候模式,模拟和预测不同植被覆盖情况下近地层的热量输送和水分散失情况。

关键词: 土壤一植被一大气系统, 蒸散机制, 数值模拟

Abstract:

The model mainly uses the method developed by Deardorff in 1978 , accompanied with some improvements made by Noilhan in 1989. A numerical model has been established to simulate the evapotranspiration process of moisture on land - surface with different vegetative cover. It includes lots of physical parameters of ground and foliage , such as albedos and emissivities of ground and foliage ,net leaf area index , stomatal resistance and so on. The continuous variation of surface evapotranspiration and surface soil moisture content with different vegetative cover , and mean air humidity and surface temperature in different vegetation canopy were simulated ,
Diurnal variation of surface evapotranspiration and surface evapotranspiration with different vegetative cover were simulated also. By the way , heat balance have been compared over different vegetation cover. The results are in excellent agreement with others. It has successfully described the features of temperature and moisture during this process and the conversion process between components of heat on land - surface. We also do some experiments of validation at the same time , whose results are in excellent agreement with theory. The results indicate that the model can be used in mesoscale meteorology and region climate to simulate and forecast the process of transport of heat and evapotranspiration of moisture on land - surface with different vegetation cover.

Key words: soil - vegetation - atmosphere system, evapotranspiration Mechanism, numerical simulation

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