结构函数, 站网布局, 内插标准误差, 内插精度, 最大容许误差, 最大容许距离

To enhance the scientific rationality of surface meteorological observation station network layout, this study analyzed the

structural functions of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and air pressure (collectively referred to as “the four elements”) in plain and hilly areas of Shandong Province using data from national reference, basic, and conventional meteorological observation stations from 1992 to 2021. The optimal station distribution scheme and spacing for the four elements were determined, and the suitability of the existing observation network was evaluated. The results show that the structural function values of the four elements are higher in hilly areas than those in plains, with structural functions in plains exhibiting a more linear pattern. The interpolation standard error under three interpolation methods is also higher in hilly areas. When the point-value interpolation standard error is smaller than the observation standard error, the highest interpolation accuracy for all four elements is achieved using an equilateral triangle station layout. In Shandong Province, the optimal layout for national reference, basic, and conventional meteorological observation stations is an equilateral triangle configuration. The optimal station spacing is no more than 36.4 km in plains and 29.4 km in hilly areas. Specifically, the optimal spacing is 36.4 km (plains) and 29.4 km (hilly areas) for air temperature; 90.9 km (plains) and 73.3 km (hilly areas) for relative humidity; 81.9 km (plains) and 52.3 km (hilly areas) for precipitation; and 44.8 km (plains) and 31.2 km (hilly areas) for air pressure. Overall, the suitability of the observation network layout is better in plain areas than in hilly areas.

structure function, station network layout, interpolation standard error, interpolation accuracy, maximum allowable er?

ror, maximum allowable distance