干旱气象 ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 30-40.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2022)-01-0030

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

天山南坡暖季暴雨过程的水汽来源及输送特征

庄晓翠1,2(), 李博渊2, 赵江伟2, 李建刚1, 张林梅3   

  1. 1.中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
    2.新疆阿勒泰地区气象局,新疆 阿勒泰 836500
    3.新疆气象台,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-28 修回日期:2021-11-15 出版日期:2022-02-28 发布日期:2022-02-28
  • 作者简介:庄晓翠(1964— ),重庆人,正研级高级工程师,主要从事天气预报及灾害性天气机理研究. E-mail: zxcxjalt@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然基金(U2003106);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金共同资助(2021D01A01)

Water vapor source and transport characteristics of rainstorm processes in warm season on southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains

ZHUANG Xiaocui1,2(), LI Boyuan2, ZHAO Jiangwei2, LI Jiangang1, ZHANG Linmei3   

  1. 1. Institute of Desert Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, China
    2. Altai Meteorological Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Altai 836500, Xinjiang, China
    3. Xinjiang Meteorological Observatory, Urumqi 830002, China
  • Received:2021-07-28 Revised:2021-11-15 Online:2022-02-28 Published:2022-02-28

摘要:

利用1981—2020年5—9月天山南坡16个气象站逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR GDAS再分析资料,分析天山南坡暖季暴雨过程的环流形势,并采用HYSPLIT模式,模拟追踪水汽源地及输送特征。结果表明:天山南坡暖季暴雨主要发生在南亚高压双体型、500 hPa以上西南急流(气流)、700 hPa切变辐合以及天山地形辐合抬升的重叠区域。水汽主要源自中亚、大西洋及其沿岸、地中海和黑海及其附近,经TKAP(塔吉克斯坦、吉尔吉斯坦、阿富汗东北部、巴基斯坦北部和印度西北部)、南疆、北疆关键区,分别从偏西、偏南、偏北通道输入暴雨区,700 hPa以上偏西通道、以下偏北通道占主导地位,且贡献最大的是南疆关键区。源自中亚的水汽主要输送至暴雨区700 hPa及以下,对暴雨的贡献较大,且沿途损失较大;源自大西洋及其沿岸、地中海和黑海及其附近的水汽主要输送至暴雨区700 hPa以上,对暴雨的贡献较小。另外,中低层还存在源自北疆、南疆、北美洲东部、蒙古的水汽。基于上述特征,建立了天山南坡暖季暴雨过程水汽三维精细化结构模型。

关键词: 暴雨过程, 水汽来源及输送, HYSPLIT模式, 天山南坡

Abstract:

The abundant water vapor supply is a necessary condition for heavy rainfall, especially in arid area with complex terrain on southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains. Based on daily precipitation at sixteen weather stations of southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains and NCEP/NCAR GDAS reanalysis data from May to September during 1981-2020, the circulation situation of rainstorms in warm season on southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains was analyzed, and the water vapor source and transport trajectory was simulated and clustered by using HYSPLIT model and cluster analysis. The results show that the rainstorms in warm season on southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains mainly occurred over the overlap area of the South Asia high pressure with double pattern, southwesterly jet (airflow) above 500 hPa, 700 hPa shear convergence and topographic force lifting of the Tianshan Mountains. Water vapor mainly came from Central Asia, the Atlantic Ocean and its coasts, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea and adjacent areas, through the key areas of TKAP (Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, northeastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan and northwestern India), southern and northern Xinjiang, it mainly transported into rainstorm areas by the westerly, southerly, northerly channels, respectively. The water vapor above 700 hPa and below 700 hPa over rainstorm areas mainly came from the westerly and northerly channels, respectively, and the contribution of water vapor in the key area of southern Xinjiang to rainstorms was the maximum. The water vapor from central Asia mainly transported to 700 hPa and below, the contribution to rainstorms was greater, and the damage of water vapor was more along the transport way, while the water vapor from the Atlantic Ocean and its coastal areas, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea mainly transported above 700 hPa, and the contribution to rainstorms was relatively smaller. In additional, the water vapor in middle and lower troposphere came from northern and southern Xinjiang, eastern North America and Mongolia. Based on the above characteristics, a three-dimensional fine structure model of water vapor for rainstorm processes in warm season on southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains was established.

Key words: rainstorm process, vapor sources and transport, HYSPLIT model, on southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains

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