干旱气象 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 254-263.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639-2026-02-0254

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

宁夏一次飞机人工增雨作业条件及催化物理响应分析

罗润1,2,3(), 孙艳桥1,2,3(), 李龙燕1,2,3, 马思敏1,2,3, 邓佩云1,2,3, 陈宇曦4   

  1. 1 中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室宁夏 银川 750002
    2 中国气象局固原人工影响天气与云物理野外科学试验基地宁夏 银川 750002
    3 宁夏回族自治区气象灾害防御技术中心宁夏 银川 750002
    4 宁夏回族自治区贺兰县气象局宁夏 银川 750200
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-04 修回日期:2025-11-03 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-05-18
  • 通讯作者: 孙艳桥(1983—),男,河北保定人,高级工程师,主要从事人工影响天气与云降水物理研究。E-mail: yanqiaosun@126.com
  • 作者简介:罗润(1994—),女,宁夏银川人,高级工程师,主要从事人工影响天气与云降水物理研究。E-mail: luor24@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏自然科学基金项目(2025AAC030326);国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U22A20577)

A case analysis of operational conditions and catalytic physical response for aircraft artificial precipitation enhancement in Ningxia

LUO Run1,2,3(), SUN Yanqiao1,2,3(), LI Longyan1,2,3, MA Simin1,2,3, DENG Peiyun1,2,3, CHEN Yuxi4   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid RegionsChina Meteorological AdministrationYinchuan 750002, China
    2 Guyuan Field Research Station for Weather Modifcation and Cloud PhysicsChina Meteorological AdministrationYinchuan 750002, China
    3 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Meteorological Disaster Prevention Technology CenterYinchuan 750002, China
    4 Helan County Meteorological Bureau of Ningxia Hui Autonomous RegionYinchuan 750200, China
  • Received:2025-08-04 Revised:2025-11-03 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-05-18

摘要:

为进一步提升宁夏地区飞机人工增雨作业的科学性、有效性及区域水资源利用效率,基于中国气象局人工影响天气中心下发的云降水显式预报系统(Cloud Precipitation Explicit Forecast System,CPEFS)模式产品,结合雷达、卫星、自动站降水、雨滴谱仪及气溶胶粒径谱仪等多源观测与再分析资料,从作业条件、作业合理性及催化后云降水系统物理响应等方面,对2025年宁夏春季一次飞机人工增雨过程开展系统分析。结果表明,此次过程为一次典型的系统性降水天气过程,过冷水含量高值区主要位于宁夏南部;飞机人工增雨作业期间,催化层温度基本维持在-7 ℃以下,相对湿度稳定高于80%,云层催化条件较好;作业实施后,作业区及其下风向区域降水量显著增加,雨强、雨滴最大直径及雷达反射率因子均呈增大趋势,雷达回波强度整体增强,反映出云中水凝物粒子尺度与数量增加、云降水系统发展程度加强;同时,地面气溶胶数浓度在降水发展阶段呈下降趋势,表明降水过程对气溶胶粒子的湿清除作用显著。

关键词: 飞机人工增雨, 合理性分析, 催化物理响应, 宁夏

Abstract:

To further improve the scientific basis and effectiveness of aircraft artificial precipitation enhancement operations in Ningxia and enhance regional water resource utilization efficiency, this study conducts a systematic analysis of an aircraft precipitation enhancement event that occurred in Ningxia during the spring of 2025. The analysis is based on products from the Cloud Precipitation Explicit Forecast System (CPEFS) issued by the Weather Modification Center of the China Meteorological Administration, combined with multi-source observationals including radar, satellite, automatic weather station precipitation, raindrop spectrometer and aerosol particle size spectrometer, and reanalysis datasets. The study focuses on operational conditions, operational rationality, and the physical response of the cloud-precipitation system to seeding. The results indicate that this event was a typical systematic precipitation process, with high supercooled liquid water content primarily located in southern Ningxia. During the aircraft seeding operations, the temperature of the seeding layer remained generally below -7 °C, while the relative humidity was consistently maintained above 80%, indicating favorable conditions for cloud seeding. After the implementation of seeding, precipitation in the operation area and its downwind region increased significantly. Precipitation intensity, maximum raindrop diameter, and radar reflectivity factor all exhibited increasing trends, accompanied by an overall enhancement in radar echo intensity. These changes reflect increases in both the size and concentration of hydrometeor particles, as well as enhanced development of the cloud-precipitation system. Meanwhile, surface aerosol number concentration decreased during the precipitation development stage, indicating a pronounced wet scavenging effect of precipitation on aerosol particles.

Key words: aircraft artificial precipitation enhancement, rationality analysis, catalytic physical response, Ningxia

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