干旱气象 ›› 2023, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 207-214.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2023)-02-0207

• 干旱与粮食安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

干旱-复水联动对东北春玉米光合生理与产量的影响

姜鹏1,2(), 秦美欧3, 蔡福1, 温日红1(), 孟莹2, 杨霏云4, 孙沛2, 冯艾琳2, 方缘2   

  1. 1.中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,辽宁 沈阳 110016
    2.中国气象局气象干部培训学院辽宁分院,辽宁 沈阳 110016
    3.沈阳区域气候中心,辽宁 沈阳 110016
    4.中国气象局气象干部培训学院,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-28 修回日期:2022-11-26 出版日期:2023-04-30 发布日期:2023-05-09
  • 通讯作者: 温日红(1982—),女,主要从事生态与农业气象科研工作。E-mail: wenrihong@iaesy.cn
  • 作者简介:姜鹏(1984—),男,高级工程师,博士,主要从事生态与农业气象科研与教学工作。E-mail: jiangpenglnqx@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    辽宁省科学技术计划项目(2021-BS-049);中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所联合开放基金课题项目(2021SYIAEKFMS35);辽宁省气象局科研项目(D202003)

Impacts of drought-rewetting on spring maize's physiological parameters and yield in the northeast China

JIANG Peng1,2(), QIN Meiou3, CAI Fu1, WEN Rihong1(), MENG Ying2, YANG Feiyun4, SUN Pei2, FENG Ailin2, FANG Yuan2   

  1. 1. Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, China
    2. Liaoning Branch of China Meteorological Administration Training Center, Shenyang 110166, China
    3. Regional Climate Center of Shenyang, Shenyang 110016, China
    4. China Meteorological Administration Training Center, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2022-09-28 Revised:2022-11-26 Online:2023-04-30 Published:2023-05-09

摘要:

广发、频发的干旱事件已造成了严重的作物减产,深入解析玉米对干旱的响应过程及机制,对准确评估干旱影响进而合理指导玉米生产具有重要现实意义。基于锦州农业气象试验站已布设的干旱-复水联动试验平台(CK:自然降水处理;RD:2020年6月30日至8月10日控水,之后复水),监测净光合速率(Net Photosynthetic Rate, Pn)、蒸腾速率(Transpiration Rate, Tr)、日茎流量(Daily Stem Flow, DSF)、玉米产量构成要素等参数。结果表明,拔节期,与CK处理相比,RD处理控水初期Pn降低5.0%,Tr增加12.4%,但均不显著;灌浆期,当土壤含水量(Soil Water Content, SWC)降至40.0%后,RD处理下PnTr及DSF显著降低,分别降低至CK处理水平的23.6%和6.9%和32.5%,灌浆期叶片光合产物大部分向果穗输送,耗水能力大于拔节期,干旱对PnTr及DSF的抑制效应更为明显。乳熟期,RD处理进入复水阶段,PnTr和DSF增加,分别恢复至CK处理水平的61.5%、75.0%和46.6%,说明控水期间降低的PnTr和DSF无法在复水期间完全恢复。控水通过显著降低叶含水率(Leaf Water Ratio, LWR)、茎含水率(Stem Water Ratio, SWR)而显著降低PnTr,其中LWR与PnTr的相关系数分别为0.55和0.84;SWR与PnTr的相关系数分别为0.59和0.67。拔节期至灌浆期连续控水可能导致光合器官活性下降,复水也未能使其恢复,最终导致作物减产,与CK处理相比,RD处理下穗长、穗粗、百粒重等产量结构要素显著降低,造成54.0%的减产率。

关键词: 干旱-复水, 净光合速率, 蒸腾速率, 茎流, 产量

Abstract:

The widespread and frequent drought events have caused serious crop yield losses. A better understanding of the yield response to drought plays an important role in accurately assessing the impact of drought and managing yield production. Based on the arranged experimental platform of drought-rewetting (CK for natural precipitation treatment; RD for water control from 30 June to 10 August 2020, followed by rewetting to CK) in the Jinzhou Agricultural Weather Experiment Station, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) daily stem flow (DSF) and maize yield component factors are measured. The results show that Pn decrease by 5.0% and Tr increase by 12.4% at the beginning of water control of RD treatment at the jointing stage compared with CK treatment, but the trends are not significant. At the grain filling stage, when soil water content (SWC) are less than 40.0%, Pn, Tr and DSF under RD treatment significantly reduce to 23.6%, 6.9% and 32.5% of those under CK treatment, respectively. Moreover, most of the photosynthetic products of leaves were transported to the ear during the grain filling stage, and water consumption is greater than that of the jointing stage, leading to the obvious inhibitory effect of water stress on Pn, Tr and DSF. At the milk-ripe stage, RD treatment entered the rewetting stage, Pn, Tr and DSF increase and recovere to 61.5%, 75.0% and 46.6% of those under CK treatment, respectively, indicating that decreased Pn, Tr and DSF during the water control period could not be completely recovered during this period. Correlation analysis showe that Pn and Tr significantly reduce during the period of water control by reducing leaf water ratio (LWR) and stem water ratio (SWR). The correlation of LWR with Pn and Tr are 0.57 and 0.84, and the correlation of SWR with Pn and Tr are 0.59 and 0.67. Continuous water control from jointing stage to filling stage may lead to the decrease of photosynthetic organ activity, and rewetting fails to restore it, eventually leading to crop yield reduction. Compared with CK treatment, spike length, spike diameter and 100 grain weight under RD treatment decrease significantly, resulting in a yield reduction rate of 54.0%.

Key words: drought-rewetting, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stem flow, crop yield

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