干旱气象 ›› 2020, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 994-1000.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

花果期遮阴对番茄果实生长及品质的影响

朱雨晴1,2,薛晓萍2   

  1. 1.山东省济宁市气象局,山东济宁272113;2.山东省气候中心,山东济南250000
  • 出版日期:2020-12-31 发布日期:2021-01-06
  • 通讯作者: 薛晓萍(1964— ),女,博士,正研级高级工程师,研究方向为农业气象. E-mail: xxpdhy@163.com。
  • 作者简介:朱雨晴(1993— ),女,硕士,研究方向为设施农业气象. E-mail: 2806217750@qq.com。

Effects of Shading on Growth and Quality of Tomato During Flower and Fruit Period#br#

ZHU Yuqing1,2, XUE Xiaoping2   

  1. 1. Jining Meteorological Bureau of Shandong Province, Jining 272113, Shandong, China;
    2. Shandong Provincial Climate Center, Jinan 250000, China
  • Online:2020-12-31 Published:2021-01-06

摘要: 选择处于花果期的无限生长型番茄“粉冠”,在日光温室内设置3 d(T1)、6 d(T2)、9 d(T3)、12 d(T4)和15 d(T5)5个不同遮阴处理,将日光温室内的自然光作为对照组CK,研究不同遮阴日数下,番茄果实横、纵茎的生长和遮阴对番茄果实品质的影响。结果表明:番茄果实横、纵茎生长符合“S”型曲线,受遮阴影响,横、纵茎的发育时间和生长速率峰值出现时间会向后推迟,遮阴15 d时,番茄果实横、纵茎相比CK分别下降67.7%、64.0%,复光后,收获期果实横、纵茎与CK无显著性差异,因此15 d的遮阴不会影响果实横、纵茎的最终长度。通过对番茄果实横、纵茎在不同遮阴日数下的Logistic生长方程的模拟发现,番茄果实横、纵茎的最大生长速率出现时间(tm)与遮阴日数呈正比,即遮阴时间越长,tm越长;果实横、纵茎的迅速生长时间与遮阴日数呈反比,即遮阴时间越长,迅速生长时间越短。遮阴15 d时,番茄果实的抗坏血酸、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物和糖酸比在收获期与CK相比分别下降28.3%、11.8%、23.4%、25.1%,同时有机酸含量增加4.3%。随着遮阴日数的增加,番茄果实品质的恢复能力逐渐下降。

关键词: 果实横茎, 果实纵茎, 可溶性糖, 有机酸, 糖酸比

Abstract: In order to study the growth of transverse and longitudinal diameter of tomatoes under different shading days and effect of shading on tomatoes quality, the infinite-growth-typed tomatoes ‘Power Corolla(lycopersicon esculentum mill)’ was chosen as test materials. During the flowering and fruiting period of tomatoes in solar greenhouse, five treatments with different shading days were conducted, including T1 (3 days shading), T2 (6 days shading), T3 (9 days shading), T4 (12 days shading) and T5 (15 days shading). The natural light in the greenhouse was used as the control (CK). The results indicate that the transverse and vertical diameter growth of tomatoes fruit conformed to the ‘S’ curve, which could be affected by shading, namely the development time and the time appearing peak growth rate of transverse and vertical diameter would be delayed backwards. For T5, the transverse and vertical diameter of tomatoes fruit decreased by 67.7% and 64.0%, respectively, compared with CK. At harvest time, there was no significant difference for the transverse and vertical diameter of tomatoes fruit between five treatments and CK. Therefore, shading for 15 days would not affect the final transverse and vertical diameter of tomatoes fruit. Based on the simulation of the Logistic growth equation of tomatoes fruit under different shading days, the occurrence time of maximum growth rate (tm) of the transverse and longitudinal stem of tomatoes fruit was proportional to the shading days, the longer the shading was, the greater the tm was. The rapid growth time of transverse and longitudinal stem of tomatoes fruit was inversely proportional to shading days, the longer the shading was, the shorter the rapid growth time was. Compared with CK, the content of ascorbic acid, soluble sugar, soluble solids and sugar-acid ratio in tomatoes fruit decreased by 28.3%, 11.8%, 23.4% and 25.1%, respectively, while the content of organic acid increased by 4.3% at harvest time with 15 shading days. With the increase of shading days, the restoring ability of tomatoes fruit quality decreased gradually.

Key words: fruit transverse diameter, fruit longitudinal diameter, soluble sugar, organic acid, sugar-acid ratio