干旱气象 ›› 2020, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 647-654.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

1971—2016年东北地区农业气象灾害损失变化特征及影响

刘玉汐1,任景全2,孙月3,马云飞4,袭祝香1,郭春明2,陈长胜1   

  1. (1.吉林省气象台,吉林长春130062;2.吉林省气象科学研究所,吉林长春130062;
    3.吉林省气象探测保障中心,吉林长春130062;4.吉林省气象信息网络中心,吉林长春130062)

  • 出版日期:2020-08-31 发布日期:2020-09-04
  • 作者简介:刘玉汐(1990— ),女,硕士研究生,主要从事应用气象和决策气象服务研究. E-mail: lyx0427@163.com。

Characteristics of Loss Caused by Agrometeorological Disaster and Its Impact from 1971 to 2016 in Northeast China

LIU Yuxi1, REN Jingquan2, SUN Yue3, MA Yunfei4,XI Zhuxiang1, GUO Chunming2, CHEN Changsheng1

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  1. (1. Meteorological Observatory of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, China;
    2. Institute of Meteorological Science of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, China;
    3. Jilin Meteorological Observation Support Center, Changchun 130062, China;
    4. Jilin Meteorological Information Network Center, Changchun 130062, China)

  • Online:2020-08-31 Published:2020-09-04

摘要:
摘要:基于1971—2016年东北地区风雹、干旱、洪涝和低温灾害数据,计算农作物受灾率、成灾率、绝收率、灾害强度指数、粮食灾损量和灾损率,通过趋势检验和Morlet小波方法,研究东北地区农业气象灾害损失变化特征。结果表明:东北地区农作物受灾率和成灾率以下降趋势为主,绝收率以上升趋势为主。干旱受灾率和成灾率在2001—2010年最大,绝收率在1991—2000年较大,洪涝受灾率、成灾率和绝收率均在1981—1990年较大。风雹和低温对农作物影响较小。风雹和低温主周期为3 a左右,干旱和洪涝的主周期为3.5 a左右。辽宁干旱灾害强度指数最大,吉林和黑龙江洪涝灾害强度指数最大,三省低温灾害强度指数均最小。东北地区主要农业气象灾害灾损量以上升趋势为主,灾损率以下降趋势为主。4种灾害粮食灾损量的基本顺序为黑龙江>吉林>辽宁,干旱灾损率为辽宁>吉林>黑龙江。干旱灾损量和灾损率最大,洪涝次之,低温最小,且干旱和洪涝灾损量和灾损率均明显大于风雹和低温。干旱和洪涝是东北地区最为严重的农业气象灾害。


关键词: 关键词:农业气象灾害, 灾害强度指数, 灾损量, 东北地区

Abstract: Based on the data of wind and hail damage, drought, flood and chilling disasters in Northeast China from 1971 to 2016, disaster rate, hazard rate, no harvest rate, disaster intensity index and grain yield loss amount caused by agrometeorological disaster were calculated to analyze characteristics of agrometeorological disaster loss by using the methods of Mann-Kendall test and Morlet wavelet analysis. The results show that disaster rate and hazard rate of crop in Northeast China presented an apparent decline trend, and no harvest rate dominated by a significant upward trend. The disaster rate and hazard rate of drought were largest during 2001-2010, no harvest rate of drought was largest during 1991-2000, and disaster rate, hazard rate and no harvest rate of flood were larger during 1981-1990. Wind and hail damage, chilling had little influence on crop. The main period of wind and hail damage and chilling disasters were about 3 a, and those of drought and flood disasters were 3.5 a. The intensity index of drought disaster in Liaoning was largest, the wind and hail damage disaster in Jilin and Heilongjiang was largest, and the chilling disaster was smallest in three provinces. The yield loss amount of  grain caused by main agrometeorological disasters was mainly an upward trend, and yield loss rate of grain caused by disaster was mainly a decline trend. The largest yield loss caused by four types of disaster was found in Heilongjiang, followed by Jilin and Liaoning, and the largest grain yield loss rate caused by drought disaster was found in Liaoning, followed by Jilin and Heilongjiang. The grain yield loss amount and yield loss rate caused by drought were largest, followed by flood, and that caused by chilling was smallest. The disaster yield loss amount and disaster yield loss rate of drought and flood were significantly greater than that of wind and hail damage and chilling. Drought and flood were the most serious agrometeorological disasters in Northeast China.

Key words: Key words: agrometeorological disaster, disaster intensity index, disaster yield loss amount, Northeast China