干旱气象 ›› 2020, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (03): 511-517.

• 业务技术应用 • 上一篇    下一篇

长江航道江苏段风灾事故分析

张振东,田小毅,黄亮,白静漪,汪玲玲   

  1. 江苏省气象服务中心,江苏南京210008
  • 出版日期:2020-06-28 发布日期:2020-07-02

Analysis on Wind Disaster Accidents in Jiangsu Section of the Yangtze River Waterway

ZHANG Zhendong, TIAN Xiaoyi, HUANG Liang, BAI Jingyi, WANG Lingling   

  1. Jiangsu Meteorological Service Centre, Nanjing 210008, China
  • Online:2020-06-28 Published:2020-07-02

摘要: 利用2015—2017年长江航道江苏段风灾事故和长江沿线自动气象站数据,结合沿线地理特征和大气背景,分析风灾事故与强风、强横风的关系,建立合理的大风评价指数。结果表明:(1)春季是风灾事故高发期,与这一时期强风和强横风发生频率高有关;(2)14:00—15:00(北京时)是风灾事故与强风的共同高发期,这与午后对流性大风增多有关;(3)长江航道江苏段地理环境差异直接影响强风和强横风的发生频率,并间接影响风灾事故的发生量;(4)建立航道风压预警等级体系,当风压在40 N·m-2以上时危险性较大;(5)瞬时大风增强对船舶航行影响较大,大风危险性指数(WFI)对大风危险性评估更合理;(6)通过计算气流经过水面的变性作用,重新估测冬、夏季江面船舶可能受到的最大风力,验证了当前风力预警指标的合理性。

关键词: 强横风, 强风, 风灾, 长江航道

Abstract:  Based on the information of wind disaster accidents in Jiangsu section of the Yangtze River waterway and observations of automatic meteorological stations along the Yangtze River during 2015-2017, this paper analyzed the relationship between wind disaster accidents and strong breeze, strong crosswind. And combined the geographical environment and atmospheric background, a reasonable gale evaluation index was established. The results are as follows: (1) Wind disaster accidents occurred most in spring, which was related to high frequency of strong breeze and strong crosswind in this period. (2) The high occurrence period of wind disaster accidents and strong breeze was during 14:00-15:00 in a day, which was related to increase of convective wind in the afternoon. (3) The frequency of strong breeze and strong crosswind was directly affected by the difference of geographical environment in Jiangsu section of the Yangtze River waterway and indirectly affected the amount of wind disaster accidents. (4) A wind pressure early warning system had been established, when wind pressure was above 40 N·m-2, the risk was higher. (5) The enhancement of instantaneous wind had a great influence on navigation of ships. The WFI was more reasonable to evaluate the risk of strong wind. (6) By calculating the variability of air flow through water surface, the maximum wind force that may be suffered by ships on the river surface in winter and summer was estimated again, it verified that the current wind warning index was reasonable.

Key words: strong crosswind, strong breeze, wind-disaster, the Yangtze River waterway

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