干旱气象 ›› 2020, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (03): 371-379.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

鄱阳湖区域关键气候要素变化特征

吴琼,张超美,许彬,谢佳杏   

  1. 江西省气候中心,江西南昌330096
  • 出版日期:2020-06-28 发布日期:2020-07-02
  • 通讯作者: 张超美(1964— ),女,湖南省江永人,高级工程师,主要从事短期气候预测业务与研究.

Change Characteristics of Key Climate Factors in Poyang Lake Region

WU Qiong, ZHANG Chaomei, XU Bin, XIE Jiaxing   

  1. Jiangxi Provincial Climate Center, Nanchang 330096, China
  • Online:2020-06-28 Published:2020-07-02

摘要:
鄱阳湖区域关键气候要素变化特征吴琼,张超美,许彬,谢佳杏(江西省气候中心,江西南昌330096)摘要:利用鄱阳湖周边6个国家气象站1961—2018年逐日降水量、平均气温、最高气温、最低气温及一日四次风速风向资料,1978—2018年逐时降水量资料,以及欧洲中心1979—2018年再分析格点资料,从气候统计角度,揭示鄱阳湖冷热源作用所产生的区域气候特征,以及鄱阳湖东西侧不同时间尺度分布的气候差异。结果表明:(1)鄱阳湖地区气温日较差较江西省山区偏小2~4 ℃,高温日数为江西省内同纬度其他地区的一半;(2)鄱阳湖地区降水较江西其他区域偏少,湖东与湖西降水呈年内周期性差异变化:8—10月湖西降水偏多,其他月份湖东偏多,隆冬盛夏差异明显;(3)鄱阳湖两侧白天和夜晚降水存在差异,1月夜间湖东降水偏多明显,9月白天湖西降水偏多明显;(4)鄱阳湖地区存在湖陆风,1月02:00湖西(永修站)平均风速比湖东(都昌站)大,W和NNW方向风向频率偏大明显,8月14:00湖东平均风速更大,SE至S方向风向频率偏大明显;(5)鄱阳湖主湖区1月02:00较14:00大气上升运动明显,近地面差值风场辐合,8月14:00较02:00下沉运动明显,近地面差值风场辐散。

关键词: 鄱阳湖, 冷热源作用, 湖东和湖西, 气候差异

Abstract: Based on daily precipitation, mean air temperature, maximum and minimum air temperature, wind speed and direction (four times a day) data during 1961-2018, and hourly precipitation data during 1978-2018 from 6 national meteorological stations around the Poyang Lake as well as the reanalysis data of European Center during 1979-2018, the climate difference between the east and the west side of the Poyang Lake caused by the cold-heat source effect on different time scales was analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) There was an obvious cold-heat source effect in the Poyang Lake. The diurnal temperature range in the Poyang Lake area was 2-4 ℃ smaller than that in mountainous areas, and the high temperature days was half of that in other areas of the same latitude in Jiangxi Province. (2) The precipitation in the Poyang Lake was also less than other areas of Jiangxi. The precipitation in the east and the west side of the lake presented the cyclical fluctuation in a year, there were more precipitation from August to October in the west side of the lake, while there were more rainfall in other months in the east side of the lake, the difference was obvious especially in middle of winter and summer. (3) There were differences of precipitation between the east and the west of the lake at day and night. The precipitation in the east of the lake was more obvious at night in January, while in September it was more obvious in the west of the lake at day. (4) Lake-land wind existed in the Poyang Lake. The average wind speed at 02:00 BST in January at Yongxiu station in the west side of the lake was higher than that of Duchang station in the east side of the lake, and the west wind component occurred more. In August, the average wind speed at Duchang station was higher than that of Yongxiu station at 14:00 BST, and the south wind occurred more frequently. (5) Compared with 14:00 BST, the atmospheric ascending motion was more obvious at 02:00 BST in the main area of the Poyang Lake in January, the near-surface wind field converged. While compared with 02:00 BST in August, subsidence movement was more obvious at 14:00 BST, and near-surface wind field diverged.

Key words:  Poyang Lake, cold-heat source effect, the east and the west side of the Poyang Lake; , climate difference