干旱气象 ›› 2013, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 240-245.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

喜马拉雅山中段地区气温直减率变化特征

刘伟刚1,2, 张东启3,2, 柳景峰2, 沈永平2, 效存德2,3, 刘景时4, 侯典炯5, 张 通2   

  1. 1. 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,中国气象局气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000;2. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验,甘肃 兰州 730000;3. 中国气象科学研究院,北京 730000;
    4. 中国科学院青藏高原研究所,北京 730000;5. 甘肃煤炭地质勘查院,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2013-02-24 出版日期:2013-07-10 发布日期:2013-04-02
  • 作者简介:刘伟刚(1980 - ),男,山东莱芜人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事寒区水文气象和干旱监测研究. E - mail:liuweig@ lzb. ac. cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(41101073,41271097,41030639)、公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201006023)、冰冻圈科学国家重点
    实验室开放基金(SKLCS 2010 - 07)、国家重点基础研究发展计划(2007CB411503)、科研业务启动项目(KYS2010BSKY01)
    共同资助
     

A Study on Temperature Lapse Rate on the Northern and Southern Slopes of the Central Himalayas

LIU Weigang1,2, ZHANG Dongqi3,2, LIU Jingfeng2, SHEN Yongping2, XIAO Cunde2,3, LIU Jingshi4, HOU Dianjiong5, ZHANG Tong2   

  1. 1. Institute of Arid meteorology,CMA; Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA; Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730020,China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China; 3. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China; 4. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;
    5. Gansu Province Exploration Institute of Coal Geology,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2013-02-24 Online:2013-07-10 Published:2013-04-02

摘要:

程度上决定了冰雪融水产流量。基于喜马拉雅山中段南北坡6 个气象站地面实测气温数据,分析了该地区的气温直减率变化特征。结果显示,喜马拉雅山中段南北坡各海拔带的气温直减率月变化和日变幅均较大,空气湿度和山谷风是影响气温直减率变化的主要因素。对于喜马拉雅山中段北坡来说,海拔4 001 ~4 301 m 的高程带受暖湿的南亚夏季风影响时,空气湿度较大,气温直减率较低;海拔4 301 ~5 750 m 的高程带在南亚夏季风盛行时期气温直减率相对较高,南亚夏季风结束后,由于受持续的山谷风影响,气温直减率降低。对于喜马拉雅山中段南坡来说,海拔1 337 ~3 811 m 的高程带受南亚夏季风影响时,空气湿度增大,气温直减率降低。在喜马拉雅山地区进行水文过程模拟时,需慎重选择气温直减率值。

关键词: 喜马拉雅山中段, 气温直减率, 珠穆朗玛峰, 气候变化

Abstract:

Temperature lapse rate ( TLR) plays an important role in runoff modeling in the Himalayan regions where meteorological and hydrological data sets are severely scarce. Based on temperature data from 6 weather stations on both northern and southern slopes of the central Himalayas,seasonal characteristics of TLR were analyzed. Results show that monthly and diurnal TLR varied largely on both slopes,which was caused by both humidity and mountain valley breeze. As for northern slope of the central Himalayas,when Indian monsoon prevailed TLR was smaller at a range of elevations between 4 001 and 4 301 m due to humidity increasing. While at the range of elevations between 4 301 and 5 750 m,TLR was relatively higher in this period,followed by its decrease induced by mountain
valley breeze after Indian monsoon prevailed. As for southern slope of the central Himalayas,humidity increased when Indian monsoon prevailed which resulted in TLR decreasing when elevations ranged from 1337 to 3 811 m. This study improved understandings of the TLR in various altitude intervals and TLR must be more carefully selected when the runoff simulation in Himalayas was conducted.

Key words: Himalayas, temperature lapse rate, Mt. Qomolangma, climate change

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