J4 ›› 2007, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (2): 82-89.

• 技术应用与服务 • 上一篇    下一篇

公众对气象信息需求的规律与公共气象服务

韩佳芮1叶谦1田青2   

  1. 1.中国气象科学研究院,北京100081;2.北京师范大学,北京100875
  • 收稿日期:2007-03-06 修回日期:2007-04-15 出版日期:2007-06-30 发布日期:2007-06-30
  • 作者简介:韩佳芮,女,博士研究生,主要从事天气气候的社会经济影响效益研究.
  • 基金资助:

    北京市科技计划公益应用类国家科技计划项目衔接——奥运科技专项:“北京奥运会国际天气预报示范计划支持技术研究”子课题“社会经济影响评估技术研究”(Z9~6279040191)资助

Law of Public Needs to W eather Information and Public W eather Services

HAN Jiarui1,YE Qian1,TIAN Qing2   

  1. 1.Chinese Academy ofMeteorological Sciences,CMA,Bejing 100081,China;2.Bejing Normal University,Bejing 100875,China
  • Received:2007-03-06 Revised:2007-04-15 Online:2007-06-30 Published:2007-06-30

摘要:

通过对“北京2008奥运气象服务社会需求调查”所得资料的统计定量分析,揭示出公众对气象信息的需求呈现出以下规律:公众最为关注的气象信息、指数(夏季温度、污染相关信息)受生理需求驱动;次关注的信息(高影响天气和人体舒适相关信息)与公众的安全感和追求高品质生活有关;而关注程度相对较低的信息具有2个特点:(1)需求人群相对特殊;(2)难以从大部分媒体获得。分析表明,所发现的公众气象信息需求规律基本符合马斯洛需求层次理论。而行为经济学信息易得性理论对调查中所发现的冰雹和降水概率的低关注度问题则有较好的解释。本研究所得结果为气象部门改进气象信息服务工作有一定的启示。

关键词: 气象信息, 公共气象服务, 公众需求, 马斯洛需求层次理论, 信息易得性

Abstract:

Based on statistical analysis of the data obtained from the activity of“Beijing 2008 Olympic Weather Services Public Sur-vey”
, it is found that public needs of meteorological information have the following characteristics:1)The meteorological inform ation
mostly needed by the public is that meets their physiological need such as temperature and air ponution index;2)Th e inform ation
which plays a role in public safety and better welfare is in the second place of the public needs;3)The information which the public
has less interest in has two common characters,i.e.the user groups ale very specific and the inform ation is not easily got from most
media.Th e study shows that the pubhc needs to meteorological inform ation can be well explained by the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need
Th eory,an d the Availability Th eory in Behavioral Economics must be applied to explain why the public pay less attention to such infor-
mation as hailstorm and precipitation probability.The results obtained from this study could be used to improve meteorological services.

Key words: weather inform ation, pub hc weather services, public needs, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need Th eory , Availability Theory in
Behavioral Economics

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