青藏铁路沿线区域闪电分布和闪电气候

J4 ›› 2005, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (1): 1-9.

• 论文 • 下一篇

青藏铁路沿线区域闪电分布和闪电气候

张鸿发¹,程国栋^1,董万胜¹,赵阳¹,陈成品¹,张彤¹,郭三刚^2,普次³,侯正俊⁴

1. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000;2. 青海省气象局,青海西宁810000;3. 拉萨市气象局,西藏拉萨850000;4. 日喀则地区气象局,西藏日喀则857000

收稿日期:2004-05-27 修回日期:2005-02-04 出版日期:2005-03-31 发布日期:2005-03-31
作者简介:张鸿发T 1952Q ),男,研究员,主要从事云和降水物理、强对流雷雹暴、雷达气象、人工影响天气和防灾减灾的实验观测与计算分析研究.E-mail:Zhanghf@ns.lzb.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目( LMNOPQ RSQ 04) 资助

Characteristics of Lightning Distribution and Lightning Climate for Tibetan Plateau Region

ZHANG Hong-Fa¹, CHENG Guo-Dong,¹ DONG Mo-Qing¹, DIAO Yang¹, CHEN Cheng-Pin¹, ZHANG Tong¹,Guo San-Gan,Pu Ci,Hu Zheng-jun

1. Institute of Environmental and Engineering for Cold and Arid Regions,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. Qinghai Provincial Meteorological Bureau, Xining 810000, China; 3. Lasa Center Meteorological Obsematoiy, Lasa 850000, China; 4. Rikaze Region Meteorological Bureau, Rikaze 857000, China

Received:2004-05-27 Revised:2005-02-04 Online:2005-03-31 Published:2005-03-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

用1998 年1 月1 日～2003 年12 月31 日TRMM卫星探测到的25～38°N,75～100°E 闪电资料,对青藏高原地区年、季、日发生闪电频和随经纬度变化,闪电密度分布的气候特征进行了计算分析。结果表明:青藏铁路沿线区域年均日发生闪电数约7 600 次,白天占到66.47%,夜间占到33.53%,昼夜比为2.0,明显高于中国其它区域昼夜闪电比1.2。日闪电频数的年变化是多峰值,闪电主要发生在4～9 月,占年总闪电的94.75%。5 月上中旬和9 月中下旬为次峰值,主峰值在夏季6～8 月占到年总闪电70.23%,最高出现在7 月占到年总闪电25.19%。10 月到次年3 月发生闪电很少,仅占年总闪电的5.25%,特别是11 月到次年2 月只占总闪电0.83%。青藏高原发生闪电的日变化以单峰值为主,年均达到346.75 次/h 左右,傍晚18 时达到最高峰值,占到日出现闪电的12.1%,19～21 时每小时达到日闪电值的9%以上,21～22 时为快速下降时段,午夜24～01 时出现维持时段,每小时达到日闪电值的3%,凌晨4～5 时有小起伏,每小时达到日闪电值的1%,上午8～11 时达到日变化的最低谷,4 h 仅占日出现闪电的1.3%,闪电峰值是低谷的100 倍以上,说明青藏高原区域闪电高发时间主要在傍晚。4 个季节发生闪电峰值的日变化时间表明,不同季节出现闪电峰值的日时段不同,春季主要在晚间,夏季主要在傍晚,秋季主要在傍晚到晚上,冬季主要在晚上20 时。青藏高原区域年均发生总闪电频数随纬度的变化要比随经度的变化大,青藏高原中部是闪电频数高发区,东部比西部高的特点。青藏高原出现闪电高密度区相对较集中,主要在高原中部从东到西呈带状,高原边缘闪电密度趋低。在31～34°N,82～94°E 之间,年均闪电密度高达15 次(0.5°D 0.5°)以上,特别是位于青藏铁
经过高原中部班戈到安多那曲一带,由东到西是青藏高原发生高闪电密度区,年均闪电密度高达30 次,其中最高闪电密度中心区在安多那曲。青藏高原上白天是主要高闪电密度区,夜间闪电密度明显偏低,只有白天闪电密度1/4,昼夜变化十分明显。不同季节出现闪电密度量值和分布特征有较大差异,春季出现闪电高密度区在青藏高原中部偏北,大部分为低闪电密度区域。夏季闪电密度高且面积广,高闪电密度区与年均闪电高密度区一致,中部为闪电高密度区,边缘为低闪电密度。秋季出现的相对高闪电高密度区在青藏高原中部偏南,大部分为低闪电密度面积区并有减小。冬季为全年发生闪电最少期,青藏高原区域基本没有闪电。

关键词: 青藏铁路沿线, 闪电分布, 闪电密度, 闪电气候特征

Abstract:

Using lightning data detected by the TRMM satellite between 25-38 0N and 74-100 0E from 1998 Jan. 1 to 2003 Dec.31,the yearly, seasonal and diurnal lightning number and their change with the longitude and latitude, the lightning density distribution and lightning climatic feature were calculated and analyzed in this paper. Results show that the total mean diurnal lightning number is about 7 600 in Tibetan Plateau Region of China, and it is 66.470l0 of the total number during day and 33.530lo during night，and their ratio is 2.0. The yearly variety of the diurnal flash number is the many peak value, the flash occurs primarily in April to September per year, and the number is 940l0 of total yearly lightning number .First peak occurs in Jun to Auguest, and the second peak in May and September, the flash number in summer season (Jun to Aug) is 70.230l0, and it is only about 0.830l0 of total yearly lightning number in November to March of the next year. Diurnal variation presents the single peak value, and mean hourly flash number is about 347 in a year, it reaches a maximum at 18 PM and it'、about 12.10l0 of diurnal lightning number, it comes to mininn lm during 8一11 AM and it'、only 1.30l0 of the diurnal number, and the maximum is 100 times of the minimum，these show that lightning occurring frequently in Tibetan region is primarily in dusk. In Tibetan region, yearly mean flash number change with latitudd is bigger than that with longitude. Diurnal variation time of peak value occurring lightning in 4 seasons show that the time
with peak value of flash number during a day is different, in winter it is primarily in the evening，in autumn it is in the afternoon, while in spring it is at night and in summer it is at dusk. In Tibetan Plateau region the different yearly mean flash density distributions in daytime and nighttime and all day show that the density is higher in eastern region than that in western region, the hlgh denStty area are mOTe COriCenttated In Tlhetan Center TeglOn TelatlVely. DLITlng daytlme In Tlhetan Center TeglOn 1S f1aSh hlgh density area, and during nighttime it is flash low area. The flash density for different seasons is different, the flash high density area in
spring it is tend to northern, in autumn it is southward, in summer it is highest flash density area in Tibetan region, in winter it is rarelv flash densitv.

Key words: flash distribution of Tibetan Plateau region, lightning number, lightning density, characteristic of lightning climate

中图分类号:

P427.39

张鸿发, 程国栋, 董万胜, 赵阳, 陈成品, 张彤. 青藏铁路沿线区域闪电分布和闪电气候[J]. J4, 2005, 23(1): 1-9.

ZHANG Hong-Fa, CHENG Guo-Dong, DONG Mo-Qing, DIAO Yang, CHEN Cheng-Pin, ZHANG Tong. Characteristics of Lightning Distribution and Lightning Climate for Tibetan Plateau Region[J]. J4, 2005, 23(1): 1-9.

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青藏铁路沿线区域闪电分布和闪电气候

Characteristics of Lightning Distribution and Lightning Climate for Tibetan Plateau Region

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