关键词: 海陆增温差异, 全球变暖, 气候模拟, 反馈机制

Abstract: Under global warming, the mean warming trend over land surface was much faster than that over ocean surface, therefore, there was difference of warming between land and ocean. As the increase of global mean surface air temperature, the difference between land and ocean warming also gradually increased, but the warming ratio between land and ocean was nearly constant, and it was the maximum in mid-high latitude of the Northern Hemisphere. The current situation of researches on land-ocean warming contrast under global warming was summarized and reviewed in this paper. The transient and equilibrium responses of climate system to external forcing such as greenhouse gases were investigated to explore the mechanism of land-ocean warming contrast. The results show that the difference of heat capacity between land and ocean was not main reason, while the atmospheric humidity and lapse rate feedback was main reason of land-ocean warming contrast, and SST forcing and change of vegetation evapotranspiration, surface evaporation, cloud amount, precipitation and relative humidity all contributed to the land-ocean warming contrast in short time scale. The simulated land-ocean warming ratio was basically consistent with the observations. However, it was excessively underestimated in mid-high latitude of the Northern Hemisphere, which might be related to the feedback of albedo induced by evergreen broad-leave forest expansion and between blocking and land-sea thermal contrast.

Key words: land and ocean warming contrast, global warming, climate simulation, feedback mechanism