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芝加哥雨型法在短历时暴雨雨型设计中的应用

戴有学1王振华2戴临栋3曹巧莲1,王   通1   

  1. 1.山西省临汾市气象局,山西 临汾 041000;
    2.山西省气象科学研究所,山西 太原 030002;
    3.兰州大学大气科学学院,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 出版日期:2017-12-29 发布日期:2017-12-29
  • 作者简介:戴有学(1964— ),男,高级工程师,主要从事气象预报业务及研究. E-mail:daiyouxue@126.com。
  • 基金资助:

    山西省科技厅重点研发项目“临汾市气象灾害监测预警、防御及应急技术应用研究(20130313029-3)”及山西临汾市财政项目“临汾市区暴雨强度公式编修规划”共同资助

Application of Chicago Hyetograph Method in Design of Short Duration Rainstorm Pattern

DAI Youxue1, WANG Zhenhua2, DAI Lindong3, CAO Qiaolian1, WANG Tong1   

  1. 1. Linfen Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi Province, Linfen 041000, Shanxi, China;
    2. Institute of Meteorological Science of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030002, China;
    3. College of Atmospheric Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Online:2017-12-29 Published:2017-12-29

摘要:

基于山西临汾国家基本气象站1981—2013年逐日雨量资料,对临汾市城区暴雨强度公式修订的基础上,采用芝加哥雨型法,对临汾市城区短历时暴雨雨型设计进行分析研究。结果表明:1981—2013年山西临汾短历时最大降水量年际变化较大,且随着降水历时的延长,年最大降水量极值有增大趋势;年最强降水比较集中,多出现在7月上旬到8月中旬,且在午后出现次数较多。除历时30 min和180 min外,临汾城区短历时暴雨雨峰位置略偏前,短历时强降雨较为集中。瞬时雨强呈先增后减的单峰型分布,各历时的瞬时雨强变化趋势以及分布型基本一致,只是在时间分配上稍有差别,且雨强随着重现期增大而增大。当重现期相同时,雨峰处降雨强度随着历时的延长整体呈现减小、增大、再减小的波动趋势,但峰值雨强差异较小。

关键词: 年最大值法, 雨峰位置系数, 暴雨雨型设计, 芝加哥雨型法

Abstract:

Based on the daily precipitation at Linfen weather station of Shanxi Province from 1981 to 2013, the rainstorm intensity formula in Linfen was revised, and on this basis the design of short duration rainstorm pattern was analyzed by using Chicago hyetograph method. The results show that annual change of maximum precipitation for short duration rainstorm was larger in Linfen of Shanxi Province during 1981-2013, and the extreme value of annual maximum precipitation had an increasing trend with the extension of rainfall duration. The strongest precipitation concentrated from the early of July to the middle of August, and it frequently occurred in the afternoon. The peaks of short duration rainstorms occurred in the front of the frequency distribution curves except for the rainstorms with 30 min and 180 min durations in the city area of Linfen, and the heavy rainfall with short duration was more concentrated. The instantaneous rainfall intensity presented a single peak distribution, and the change trends and distribution patterns of instantaneous rainfall intensity with different durations were basically the same except in the time distribution. Moreover, the rainfall intensity increased with the increase of return period. The Chicago hyetograph rainfall intensity was only related to the peak and corresponding time, but it was irrelevant to the duration under a certain recurrence period condition. Although the rainfall intensity at rainfall peak presented a fluctuation trend of decreasing-increasing-decreasing as the extension of rainfall duration as a whole, the difference of variation was smaller.

Key words: the annual maximum sampling method, rainstorm peak position coefficient, rainstorm pattern design, Chicago hyetograph method

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