干旱气象

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十个代表城市空气污染指数与能见度和相对湿度的关系

尚子溦1宁贵财1王捷馨1程一帆1王式功1,2   

  1. 1.兰州大学大气科学学院,甘肃 兰州 730000;
    2.成都信息工程大学大气科学学院,四川 成都 610225
  • 出版日期:2017-08-31 发布日期:2017-08-31
  • 通讯作者: 王式功(1955—),山东安丘人,教授,博导,主要从事医学气象学、干旱气候和现代天气预报技术方面的研究.E-mail:wangsg@lzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:尚子溦(1990—),女,甘肃景泰人,硕士研究生,研究方向为现代天气预报技术和空气污染预报.E-mail:shang_ziw@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(91644226、41575138)、国家基础科技条件平台建设项目(NCMI-SBS17-201607、2016NCMIZX09、NCMI-SJS15-201607)和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(lzujbky-2017-it20)共同资助

Relationship Between Air Pollution Index and Visibility,Relative Humidity in Ten Representative Cities of China

SHANG Ziwei1, NING Guicai1, WANG Jiexin1, CHENG Yifan1, WANG  Shigong1,2   

  1. 1. College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    2. School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu Information and Engineering University, Chengdu 610225,China
  • Online:2017-08-31 Published:2017-08-31

摘要:

影响能见度的不仅仅是大气污染物,雾也是一个重要因素。因此,用能见度反映空气质量,需要考虑水汽的作用。在已有的研究结果基础上,构造空气污染指数(API)与能见度和空气相对湿度的数学关系。依据全国10个代表城市2001—2012年逐日API资料和同期08:00(北京时)地面气象资料,运用线性回归方法,确定公式中的待定系数,从而建立利用能见度和相对湿度估算API的统计方程。结果表明:(1)当空气相对湿度小于78%时,能见度主要受空气污染物浓度影响;当空气相对湿度大于96%时,能见度主要受空气湿度影响;当空气相对湿度介于78%~96%时,能见度受空气污染物浓度和空气湿度共同影响;(2)除拉萨和兰州外,其余城市API与能见度和相对湿度的相关程度都通过了α=0.000 01的显著性水平,并且相关程度冬半年好于夏半年;(3)API与能见度和相对湿度拟合关系中的参数b0和b,除拉萨、乌鲁木齐和兰州以外,其余城市的变化幅度都比较小;(4)回代检验表明,除个别月份外,绝对误差和相对误差都相对较小,说明API与能见度和空气湿度的数学关系式可以拟合API。

Abstract:

Not only atmospheric pollutants but also fog is an important factor affecting the visibility. Therefore, the air quality reflected by visibility needs to consider the effect of water vapor. In this paper, the mathematical models of air pollution index (API) associated with visibility and relative humidity were constructed based on the existing research results. Based on daily air pollution index and simultaneous surface meteorological data at 08:00 BST from 10 representative cities in China from 2001 to 2012, the coefficients in the formula were determined using linear regression analysis method firstly, and the statistical equation for estimating API by visibility and relative humidity was established. Results are as follows: (1)When relative humidity was less than 78%, visibility was mainly affected by the concentration of air pollutants, but when relative humidity was greater than 96%, visibility was mainly affected by relative humidity, while when relative humidity ranged from 78% to 96%, visibility was affected by the common effect of air pollutants and humidity. (2)Except for Lhasa and Lanzhou, the correlation coefficients between API and visibility, relative humidity in the rest of eight cities passed the significance test level of α=0.000 01, and the correlation degree in winter half year was better than that in summer half year. (3)The variation range of parameters b0 and b in the fitting relationship between air pollution index and visibility, relative humidity was small in the rest cities except for Lhasa, Urumchi and Lanzhou. (4)Back test showed that except some individual months, the absolute error and relative error were relatively small, so the API associated with visibility and relative humidity in the formula could be fitted.

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