干旱气象

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

石家庄地区能见度变化特征及其与相对湿度和颗粒物浓度的关系

王晓敏韩军彩陈静钤伟妙岳艳霞   

  1. 河北省石家庄市气象局,河北石家庄050081
  • 出版日期:2016-08-31 发布日期:2016-08-31
  • 作者简介:王晓敏(1986- ),女,硕士,工程师,主要从事环境气象预报及应用方面研究. E-mail:imisstar@hotmail.com
  • 基金资助:

    石家庄市科学技术研究与发展计划“重污染天气前兆‘强信号’及预警调控气象评估技术研究”(151550083A)和石家庄科技计划项目“石家庄雾霾天气监测预警技术研究”(131550363A)共同资助

Variation Characteristics of Atmospheric Visibility and Their Relationship with
 Relative Humidity and Particle Concentration in Shijiazhuang of Hebei

WANG Xiaomin, HAN Juncai, CHEN Jing, QIAN Weimiao, YUE Yanxia   

  1. Shijiazhuang Meteorological Bureau of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050081, China
  • Online:2016-08-31 Published:2016-08-31

摘要:

利用1980—2013年石家庄地区12个气象台站能见度资料,结合相对湿度和PM2.5、PM10浓度数据,分析了石家庄地区能见度的时空分布特征,通过研究能见度与相对湿度和PM2.5、PM10浓度的关系,建立大气能见度的多元非线性预报模型。结果表明:(1)1980年以来石家庄地区年平均能见度以-1.0 km·(10 a)-1的速率呈下降趋势,夏季下降趋势最明显,春季下降趋势最小;(2)1998年前后石家庄地区能见度变化较大,1999—2013年平均能见度较1980—1998年下降了15.3%,且空间变化也较明显,1998年之前分别在中北部和中南部存在2个高值中心,在市区和赵县存在2个低值中心,1998年之后则呈由东向西逐渐递减的分布形势;(3)能见度与相对湿度存在显著的指数函数关系,而与PM2.5和PM10浓度均呈幂函数关系。据此建立的能见度与相对湿度和PM2.5、PM10浓度的多元非线性拟合模型能较好地反映能见度的变化规律,并对能见度具有一定的预报能力。

关键词: 能见度, 相对湿度, 颗粒物浓度, 时空特征, 非线性拟合

Abstract:

Based on the visibility of 12 meteorological stations in Shijiazhuang of Hebei Province from 1980 to 2015 and the hourly relative humidity and PM2.5, PM10 concentration from 2014 to 2015, the spatial and temporal distributions of visibility were analyzed in Shijiazhuang during 1980-2013, firstly. Then, the relationships between visibility and relative humidity as well as PM2.5, PM10 concentration were studied, and on this basis, the multiple nonlinear forecast model of visibility was further established. The results are as follows: (1) The annual average visibility significantly decreased with rate of -1.0 km·(10 a)-1 in Shijiazhuang since 1980, and the decreasing trend of average visibility in summer was most obvious, while it was smallest in spring. (2) By comparison of the visibility before and after 1998, the average visibility decreased by 15.3% in Shijiazhuang of Hebei. In space, there were two high centers in the north-central and south-central of Shijiazhuang and two low centers in the urban district of Shijiazhuang and Zhaoxian before 1998, while the visibility gradually decreased from east to west after 1998. (3) The relation of visibility with relative humidity was an exponential function, while the relationships of visibility with PM2.5, PM10 concentration were power functions. Therefore, the multiple nonlinear fitting model of visibility was established based on relative humidity, PM2.5 and PM10 concentration, the model was able to simulate and forecast the visibility in Shijiazhuang to some extent by testing of the observation.

Key words: visibility, relative humidity, particle concentration, temporal and spatial features, nonlinear fitting

中图分类号: