Xin’an River Basin is a typical water-abundant area. Characteristics exploration of the drought events and study on the response of hydrological drought to meteorological drought in Xin’an River Basin largely benefits the scientific reference for basin water management. This study calculated the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Runoff Index (SRI) with the monthly data of inflow runoff and precipitation from 1960 to 2022 in Xin’an River Basin. Based on SPI and SRI, the evolution of meteorological and hydrological droughts under different time scales and the seasonal response of hydrological drought to meteorological drought were analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) From 1960 to 2022, meteorological and hydrological droughts in the Xin’an River Basin mainly occurred in the 1960s, late 1970s to mid-1980s and early 2000s. Meteorological and hydrological droughts have rarely occurred since the 21st century; dry and wet alternated frequently over the remaining periods of time. (2) Mann-Kendall trend test results show a wetting trend during the past 63 years, and the effects of drought have mitigated. While in winter and summer, it showed drought decreasing trend in the basin. The hydrological trend of becoming wet was more obvious than that of meteorological. (3) The correlation between hydrological drought and meteorological drought in Xin’an River is high. Also, the hydrological drought lags behind the meteorological drought for 1-3 months. The seasonal response of hydrological drought to meteorological drought in flood season shows higher correlation and faster speed than that in dry season. Because of the quick response of hydrological drought to meteorological drought in flood season, more focus and targeted steps should be taken on the drought state of the basin in the flood season.
In order to scientifically manage grape being covered with soil to over winter, based on the ground temperature observation data of 10 vineyards at the eastern foot of the Helan Mountain in Ningxia in the winter of 2021/2022, the variation characteristics of daily mean ground temperature and the thermal diffusivity of 10-20 cm soil in different vineyards at the eastern foot of the Helan Mountain were analyzed. The results are show that in winter, the soil temperature decreased firstly and then increased, and soil temperature increased with the increase of depth. The temperature fluctuation of deep soil was smaller than that of surface soil, and the changing trend also lagged behind that of surface soil. The heat conduction method can well simulate the soil temperature of 10 cm and 20 cm in the eastern foot of the Helan Mountain in winter, and the effect of 20 cm soil temperature is the best, with the regression correction coefficient reaching 0.947 5. The soil thermal diffusivity (k) of vineyards in the eastern foot of the Helan Mountain in winter was generally higher. There were some differences of k value in each vineyard, the soil thermal diffusivities of Hedong Manor in Dawukou district at the north end of the producing region and St. Louis winery in Yongning county to the east were small, and the average k value was 6.11×10-6 and 4.53×10-6 m2·s-1, respectively. However, the thermal diffusivities in Guanlan Winery, Xige Winery, Legacy Peak Estate, Hennessy Winery near the Helan Mountain, D.F.Yuxing Winery and Pink Carrin Winery at the southern end of the producing region were larger, with average k values of 11.08×10-6 to 14.94×10-6 m2·s-1. The average k values of Emperial Horse and Meiyu Wineries were 9.63×10-6 and 8.52×10-6 m2·s-1, respectively.
