The National Stadium (Bird’s Nest), Beijing Olympic Park (Osen) and the National Olympic Sports Center (Oti) within a 3 km radius represent three distinct near-ground meteorological detection environments: the dense building sports venue area, the natural underlying surface, and the vicinity of large sports venues, respectively. Using hourly observation data of temperature, rainfall, wind speed and wind direction from meteorological stations in the Bird’s Nest, Osen, and Oti areas from 2020 to 2021, this study conducted a detailed analysis of temperature characteristics in these different environments. Results show that the annual average temperature at the Oti and the Bird’s Nest seat areas was 1.3 and 2.1 ℃ higher than that at the Osen. The temperature differences were more pronounced during the winter half-year than in the summer half-year. Within the Bird’s Nest, the monthly average temperature of the seat area was generally higher than that of the canopy, with the east seats being 0.2 ℃ warmer than the west seats. This difference was closely related to the shading effects of the semi-closed canopy structure, which showed a strong correspondence with changes in the solar elevation angle. The hourly average temperature trends at Oti and Osen were largely consistent, but the temperature changes more rapidly at Osen. The study revealed that temperature differences between stations were associated with variations in wind speed and precipitation conditions.

Atmospheric precipitation is the main source of soil moisture in the desert grassland in arid and semi-arid areas of Inner Mongolia and an important driving factor of various biological processes at different spatial and temporal scales. The study on the response process of soil moisture to precipitation has important theoretical value for regulating land cover, restoring vegetation scientifically and promoting the effective conversion of atmospheric precipitation to soil water. Based on daily precipitation during 2012-2020, hourly precipitation and soil moisture observation data of 0-50 cm layers from late April to late October during 2016-2020 at an automatical meteorological station in the desert grassland, the precipitation distribution pattern and the response process of soil moisture to independent precipitation events were analyzed. The results show that the precipitation events less than 5.0 mm were dominant, which belonged to typical precipitation pulsation event in arid and semi-arid areas. The precipitation thresholds of soil moisture response for 0-10 cm, >10-20 cm, >20-30 cm, >30-40 cm and >40-50 cm layer were 3.2, 9.2, 14.3, 16.7 and 25.3 mm, respectively. The probability of 0-10 cm soil moisture response caused by independent precipitation event of light rain was 36.0%, and the probability of moderate rain causing soil moisture response in 0-10 cm, >10-20 cm, >20-30 cm layer were 100%, 39.5% and 7.0%, respectively, while heavy rain and above could cause soil moisture response in all layers of 0-50 cm. With the increase of soil depth, the probability and degree of soil moisture response to precipitation in each layer showed a decreasing trend. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between precipitation (or effective precipitation intensity) and soil moisture lag time in each layer of 0-40 cm, and there was an extremely significant positive correlation between precipitation and soil moisture increment in each layer. The relationship between precipitation and soil moisture increment of 0-20 cm layers was polynomial function, and that between precipitation and soil moisture increment of >20-50 cm layers was linear function.