Abstract:

Groundwater played an important role in the agriculture production and people livelihood in the mid-west of Jilin Province, and it was necessary to study the dynamic changes of groundwater. Based on the monthly precipitation and shallow groundwater level of 19 observation stations during 2007-2013, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of shallow groundwater level and their response to precipitation in the mid-west of Jilin Province were comparatively analyzed. Results are as follows: (1) The annual average shallow groundwater level in mid-western Jilin during 2007-2013 increased gradually from northeast to southwest as a whole, and the dynamic changes of groundwater level in the middle and west of Jilin were distinctly different. The monthly fluctuation of groundwater level in most stations of the west region wasn’t obvious, but the annual change trends from 2007 to 2013 were significantly different. However, the monthly changes in stations of the middle region were relatively bigger, and the annual average groundwater levels in other stations during 2007-2013 increased except for Changchun station. (2)The correlations between the annual and monthly average shallow groundwater level and precipitation in each station of the central region were positive, thus the recharge of shallow groundwater was mainly derived from the rainfall infiltration. However, the correlations in stations of the west region were almost negative or weren’t significant, and the effects of artificial exploitation on shallow groundwater level were larger. (3) The effects of precipitation on groundwater level presented in three respects: the change characteristics of annual shallow groundwater level were similar to annual precipitation, and precipitation affected the range of shallow groundwater level. The change trend and range of underground water level before and after flood season were closely related to precipitation in flood season. The precipitation during flood season was helpful to offset groundwater exploitation in spring, but the mitigation was slightly different in wet and dry years.

Key words: shallow groundwater level, temporal and spatial variation, precipitation, correlation, the mid-west of Jilin Province

摘要：

地下水资源是农业生产和人民生活的重要水源之一，地下水动态变化规律的研究具有重要的现实意义。利用2007～2013年降水和地下水位监测数据，对比分析吉林省中西部浅层地下水位的时空变化规律及其与降水的关系。结果表明：（1）2007～2013年吉林省中西部地区平均地下水位总体呈由东北向西南逐渐升高的空间分布特征，且年内及年际变化中、西部区域差异较大。其中，西部地区地下水位年内波动幅度较小，且各测站的年变化趋势差异较大，而中部地区的年内波动变幅较大，且除长春站年变化幅度不大外，其余测站均呈上升趋势；（2）中部地区各测站年均、月均地下水位与年、月降水量基本呈正相关关系，地下水的补给主要源自降水量的入渗，而西部地区各测站地下水位与降水量的相关性不显著，地下水位埋深受人类活动影响较大；（3）降水对地下水位的影响表现在：年均浅层地下水位与年降水量整体保持一致的变化趋势，降水量影响着浅层地下水位的变化幅度；汛期前后地下水位的变化及变幅与汛期降水量有密切关系，且丰水年与枯水年汛期降水对春季地下水开采量的缓解作用略有不同。

关键词: 地下水位, 时空分布规律, 降水量, 相关性, 吉林省中西部