Journal of Arid Meteorology

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Variation Characteristics of Meteorological Elements near Surface Layer in North of the Taklimakan Desert

GU Junming1,2,3HUO Wen2,3ALI Mamtiming2,3YANG Xinhua2,3HE Qing2,3   

  1. 1. Institute of Geography Science and Tourism,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi,830054,China;
    2. Institute of Desert Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,China;
    3. Desert Atmosphere and Environment Observation Experiment of Taklimakan Station,Tazhong 841000,China
  • Online:2014-04-18 Published:2014-04-18

塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘近地层气象要素变化特征

顾军明1,2,3霍文2,3,艾力·买买提明2,3杨兴华2,3何清2,3   

  1. 1. 新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830054;
    2. 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002;
    3. 塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站,新疆 塔中 841000
  • 通讯作者: 何清(1965 - ),男,四川成都人,博士,研究员,主要从事沙漠气象研究. E - mail:qinghe@ idm. cn
  • 作者简介:顾军明(1987 - ),男,汉族,甘肃天水人,在读硕士,主要从事干旱区环境灾害与防治方面的研究. E - mail:gjm219@126. com
  • 基金资助:

    中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(IDM201001)、国家自然科学基金(41175140,41175017)、中国沙漠气象科学研究基金(Sqj2009002)、新疆维吾尔自治区绿洲生态重点实验室开放课题(XJDX0206 -2010 -02)共同资助

Abstract:

Based on the elements gradient observational data from automatic meteorological observation station from January to December
2011 in Hade in north of the Taklimakan Desert,the diurnal variation of wind speed,temperature and relative humidity near surface
layer and the profile characteristics in four seasons were analyzed,firstly. Then,the atmospheric stability and surface roughness under
neutral stratification were calculated. The results showed that the diurnal variation of temperature,relative humidity and wind speed
from 0. 5 to 10 m near surface layer in Hade were obvious. The wind speed was high in the daytime and low at night,each layer wind
speed reached the maximum value at 15:00 and the minimum value at 04:00,and the daily range was from 1. 1 to 1. 7 m/s. Each lay-
er temperature increased to the maximum during 14:00 -15:00 and dropped to the minimum during 05:00 -06:00,the temperature
difference was large between day and night,and the maximum temperature difference was 16. 5 ℃ which appeared in height of 0. 5 m.
Moreover,there was significant temperature inversion from 17:00 to 09:00 in the next day. The relative humidity was between 25%
and 55% in whole day,and the diurnal variation of relative humidity was opposite to temperature and wind speed. Among,the maxi-
mum value appeared at 06:00,while the minimum value appeared at 15:00. The profiles of wind speed,temperature,and humidity in
four seasons near surface layer in Hade had an obvious change trend. The wind speed at 14:00 in four seasons increased exponentially,
and the variations of wind speed from 0. 5 to 2 m were greater than that from 2 to 10 m. The temperature in spring and summer rose
mainly exponentially,while that in winter grew linearly,and there were obvious temperature inversion in four seasons. The relative hu-
midity in winter was significantly higher than that in other seasons,and the profile in winter was more complex. The wind directions in
Hade all year round mainly were the northeasterly wind,and the dominant wind directions in height of 2 and 10 m were consistent,but
the wind frequencies were slightly different. Furthermore,the aerodynamic roughness under neutral stratification condition in Hade was
from 1. 42 ×10-11to 1. 7 ×10-3m,and the mean value was 4. 2 ×10-5m.

Key words: Taklimakan desert, surface layer, roughness, transitional zone

摘要:

利用塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘哈德自动气象站 2011 年 1 ~ 12 月近地面层气象要素梯度观测资料,分析了该地区近地层风速、气温和相对湿度的日变化规律及四季廓线特征,并计算了哈德观测点大气稳定度和中性条件下的地表粗糙度。结果表明,哈德地区近地层 0. 5 ~10 m 高度范围内气温、相对湿度和风速都呈现出明显的日变化特征。其中,风速为白天高、夜晚低,中午 15:00 各层风速均达到最大,凌晨 04:00 降至最低,其日变化幅度为 1. 1 ~1. 7 m/s;14:00 ~15:00 各层气温均为最大值,最低气温出现在 05:00 ~06:00,昼夜温差大,最大温差为 0. 5 m 处的 16. 5 ℃,下午 17:00 至次日 09:00 有逆温存在;相对湿度日变化在 25% ~55% 之间,其变化规律与风速、气温的相反,凌晨 06:00 最大,下午 15:00 最低。哈德地区四季近地层风、温、湿廓线变化规律明显,14:00 四季风速都呈指数形式增长,其中 0. 5 ~2 m 间低层风速变化明显大于 2 ~10 m 间高层的变化;春、夏季气温主要以指数形式增长,冬季以线性增长为主,四季都有逆温存在;冬季的相对湿度明显大于其它季节。另外,哈德地区全年以东北风为主,2 m 与 10 m 高度的主导风向一致,风频稍有差别。中性层结大气条件下的空气动力学粗糙度范围为 1. 42 ×10-11~1. 7 ×10-3m,平均值为 4. 2 ×10-5m。

关键词: 塔克拉玛干沙漠, 近地层, 粗糙度, 过渡带

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