Study on the Soil Moisture Change During Continuous Drought in Winter of 2010 and Spring of 2011 in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River

Abstract

Abstract:

The variation tendency of soil water content and the relationship between soil drought and meteorological drought were analyzed
based on the daily and the real － time observed data at Nanjing from July 2010 to June 2011，and the meteorological drought composite
index and the soil relative humidity index were calculated by using meteorological observations at Nanjing and daily precipitation，
10 － 100 cm soil moisture content at the experimental station constructed by Nanjing University of Information Science ＆ Technology
and Institute of Arid Meteorology，CMA． The results show that Nanjing suffered a severe dry weather in winter of 2010 and spring of
2011，on November 5，2010，mild drought began to appear and changed to moderate drought on 12 Nov and severe drought on 28
Nov．，and then maintained at moderate and severe drought． Soil relative humidity reached moderate drought on 13 November，after 15
days of continuous severe meteorological drought，the soil moisture reached severe drought on 2 May， 2011． The trends of meteorological
and soil drought were basically consistent，but the extent of meteorological drought was more serious than that of soil drought，and the
starting and ending time of soil drought lagged 1 － 3 days，and the drought development lagged behind more than 5 days． Weather and
surface soil had higher sensitivity to precipitation，while the middle soil drought lasted long． In addition，when the meteorological
drought duration reached 50 － 60 days，water would add from the deep layer to the top layer of soil．

Key words: lower reaches of Yangtze River, continuous drought in winter and spring, soil moisture

摘要：

利用2010 年7 月至2011 年6 月南京站逐日平均气压、日平均气温、日最高及最低气温、平均
相对湿度、降水量、平均风速、日照时数资料计算了该站综合气象干旱指数，用中国气象局兰州干旱气
象研究所及南京信息工程大学干旱监测联合科学试验站2010 年10 月至2011 年6 月逐日实时降水
量、及10 ～ 100 cm 土壤含水量资料计算了土壤相对湿润指数，将它们与试验站各土壤层水分含量变
化进行对比分析，结果表明: 2010 /2011 年冬春季，南京地区发生了严重的气象干旱，2010 年11 月5
日开始出现轻旱， 11 月12 日达到中旱， 28 日达重旱，此后维持在中到特旱之间; 土壤相对湿度在11
月13 日达到中旱，在2011 年5 月2 日，气象连续特旱15 d 后，土壤达到重旱; 气象干旱与农业干旱变
化趋势整体上一致，但气象干旱程度更严重，且农业干旱开始和缓解时间比气象上滞后1 ～ 3 d，干旱
发展滞后5 d 以上; 气象及表层土壤对降水敏感性较高，而中层土壤干旱过程持续性较好; 此外，干旱
由表层向深层传递，当气象干旱持续时间达到50 ～ 60 d 时，土壤由深层向上补充水分。

关键词: 长江中下游, 冬春连旱, 土壤湿度

CLC Number:

P468． 0 + 23

WANG Wen，DUAN Ying. Study on the Soil Moisture Change During Continuous Drought in Winter of 2010 and Spring of 2011 in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River[J]. J4, 2012, 30(3): 305-314.

王文，段莹. 2011 年长江中下游冬春连旱期土壤的湿度变化[J]. J4, 2012, 30(3): 305-314.

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