Analysis of ozone pollution circulation patterns and typical cases in central and western Inner Mongolia

doi:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639-2024-05-0767

Abstract

Abstract:

To identify the weather patterns and threshold values of meteorological factors associated with ozone (O₃) pollution in the central and western Inner Mongolia, the obliquely rotated Principal Components in T-mode (PCT), was used to analyze the surface and upper air circulation O₃ pollution process in six cities in the region from 2015 to 2021, the relationship between the weather situation, meteorological elements and O₃ pollution is discussed. The results show that the O₃ pollution process in central and western Inner Mongolia can be divided into three types in the 500 hPa circulation: the high pressure ridge, the westerly flow pattern in flat direction, and the northeast flow pattern in the bottom of high pressure. There are four types of sea level pressure field: pressure equalization,low pressure control, high pressure south, low pressure front. The circulation configuration can be divided into five types: high pressure ridge-pressure equalization field type, the northwest flow at the front of the ridge-low pressure control field,,the westerly flow pattern in flat direction- high pressure south field, the northwest flow at the front of the ridge-low pressure south field, and the northwest flow at the front of the ridge-pressure equalization field. In Alxa and Wuhai, the O₃ overrun is mainly found in the flat westerly-southern type of high pressure, while in other cities it is mostly found in the NW flow-high pressure-controlled type in front of the ridge. These two general circulation configurations are the main meteorological conditions for the occurrence of O₃ pollution. The typical regional O₃ pollution usually occurs in a specific atmospheric general circulation situation. When there is an inversion layer in the boundary layer, the stronger the inversion intensity is, the worse the vertical diffusion condition is, which is unfavorable to the near-surface pollutant diffusion. Meteorological factors such as surface maximum temperature, sunshine duration and average relative humidity have influence on O₃ pollution. In dry areas such as Alxa, Wuhai and Bayannur, O₃ mass concentrations are higher than normal, with maximum temperatures of at least 30℃ and hours of sunshine of at least 10 hours, while in relatively wet areas such as Ordos, Baotou and Hohhot, the maximum temperature is usually not less than 27 ℃ and the sunshine duration is not less than 8 hours when O₃ exceeds the standard. In addition, when the wind direction is southwest, south and southeast, and the wind speed is 2.0-5.0 m·s ^-1, O₃ pollution is easy to occur.

Key words: central and western Inner Mongolia, ozone pollution, objective classification of circulation, case analysis

摘要：

为明确内蒙古中西部地区臭氧（O₃）污染的天气形势分型及气象要素阈值，采用斜交旋转主成分分析法（obliquely rotated Principal Components in T-mode，PCT）对2015—2021年该地区6个盟市的O₃污染过程进行了地面及高空环流形势分析，并结合典型O₃污染个例，探讨了天气形势、气象要素与O₃污染间的关系。结果表明，内蒙古中西部地区O₃污染过程在500 hPa环流场中可分为3种类型：脊前西北气流型、平直西风型、高压脊型；在海平面气压场中可分为4种类型：均压场型、低压控制型、高压南部型、低压前部型。环流配置可分为5种类型：高压脊—均压场型、脊前西北气流—低压控制型、平直西风—高压南部型、脊前西北气流—低压南部型、脊前西北气流—均压场型。阿拉善、乌海地区O₃超标主要为平直西风—高压南部型，而其他城市多为脊前西北气流—低压控制型。这两种大气环流配置是发生O₃污染的主要气象条件。典型区域性O₃污染通常发生在特定大气环流形势下，边界层存在逆温层时，逆温强度越强，垂直扩散条件越差，不利于近地面污染物的扩散。气象要素如地面最高气温、日照时数和平均相对湿度对O₃污染均有影响。在干燥地区如阿拉善、乌海和巴彦淖尔，O₃质量浓度超标时，最高气温通常不低于30 ℃，日照时数不少于10 h；而相对湿润地区如鄂尔多斯、包头和呼和浩特，O₃质量浓度超标时，最高气温通常不低于27 ℃，日照时数不少于8 h。此外，当风向为西南、南、东南，风速为2.0~5.0 m·s^-1时，易发生O₃污染。

关键词: 内蒙古中西部, O₃污染, 环流客观分型, 个例分析

CLC Number:

YANG Hongzi, ZHANG Xiaoling, WANG Jia, ZHANG Li, ZHAO Wentao. Analysis of ozone pollution circulation patterns and typical cases in central and western Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2024, 42(5): 767-775.

杨红子, 张小玲, 王佳, 张莉, 赵雯涛. 内蒙古中西部臭氧污染环流分型及典型个例分析[J]. 干旱气象, 2024, 42(5): 767-775.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1 Topography and distribution of meteorological stations in the central and western Inner Mongolia

Tab.1 Circulation configuration and proportion of regional O3 pollution processes in central and western Inner Mongolia during 2015-2021

类型	500 hPa分型	海平面气压场分型	占比/%
高压脊—均压场（类型1）	高压脊型	均压场型	22
脊前西北气流—低压控制型（类型2）	脊前西北气流型	低压控制型	27
平直西风—高压南部型（类型3）	平直西风型	高压南部型	26
脊前西北气流—低压南部型（类型4）	脊前西北气流型	低压南部型	20
脊前西北气流—均压场（类型5）	脊前西北气流型	均压场型	5

Fig.2 The 500 hPa geopotential hight fields (isolines, Unit: gpm) and wind fileds (vectors, Unit: m·s-1) (a, c, e), and sea-level pressure fields (isolines, Unit: hPa) and wind fileds (vectors, Unit: m·s-1) (b, d, f, g) of high pressure ridge-pressure equalization field type (a, b), the northwest flow at the front of the ridge-low pressure control field (c, d), the westerly flow pattern in flat direction-high pressure south field (e, f) and the northwest flow at the front of the ridge-low pressure south field (g) (The red box is the research area, the same as below)

Fig.3 Characteristics of O3 pollution in central and western Inner Mongolia under different weather patterns （The black bars represent the concentration ± standard deviation）

Fig.4 Actual situation of four typical regional O3 pollution processes in central and western Inner Mongolia

Fig.5 The 500 hPa geopotential height fields （black solid lines， Unit： dagpm） and temperature fields （red dashed lines， Unit： ℃） in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia at Process 1 （a）， Process 2 （b）， Process 3 （c）， and Process 4 （d）

Fig.6 Maximum temperature， O3_8 h and average relative humidity during four typical regional O3 pollution processes in central and western Inner Mongolia

Fig.7 Distribution of O3_8 h （shaded）， wind direction and wind speed during four typical regional O3 pollution processes in central and western Inner Mongolia

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