Journal of Arid Meteorology ›› 2020, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 810-819.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2020)-05-0810

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Spatial-temporal Distribution Characteristics of Precipitation Suitability in Main Apple Producing Areas in China from 1971 to 2017

QIU Meijuan1, LIU Buchun1, LIU Yuan1, PANG Jingyi1,2, WANG Keyi1, WANG Yaming3, ZHANG Yueying1   

  1. 1. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS,National Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Crop Water Use and Disaster Reduction, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, MOA, Beijing 100081, China;
    2. Yingkou Meteorological Bureau of Liaoning Province, Yingkou 115001, Liaoning, China;
    3. Dacheng Meteorological Station of Hebei Province, Dacheng 065900, Hebei, China
  • Online:2020-10-30 Published:2020-10-30

1971—2017年我国苹果主产区降水适宜度的时空分布特征

邱美娟1,刘布春1,刘园1,庞静漪1,2,王珂依1,王亚明3,张玥滢1   

  1. 1.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,作物高效用水与抗灾减损国家工程实验室,农业部农业环境重点实验室,北京 100081;
    2.辽宁省营口市气象局,辽宁 营口 115001;
    3.河北省大城县气象局,河北 大城 065900
  • 通讯作者: 刘布春(1968— ),女,内蒙古巴彦淖尔人,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事农业减灾和农业灾害风险管理研究. E-mail: liubuchuan@caas.cn。
  • 作者简介:邱美娟(1987— ),女,辽宁庄河人,博士生,主要从事农业气象灾害和农业气象产量预测研究.
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“重大自然灾害监测预警与防范”重点专项(2017YFC1502804)、中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2014-IEDA)和农业农村资源等监测统计经费(2130111-20147-2019)共同资助

Abstract: Based on daily meteorological observation data in main apple producing areas of China from 1971 to 2017, the crop coefficients at different growth stages of apple were corrected, firstly. And on this basis the precipitation suitability model at each growth stage of apple was constructed. Then, combined with the geographical distribution of apple in advantageous areas, the threshold of precipitation suitability of apple, and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of precipitation suitability at each growth stage of apple were analyzed. Furthermore, the temporal and spatial anomalies were discussed by using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition method. The results are as follows: (1) The thresholds of precipitation suitability at initial growth stage, vigorous growth stage and later growth stage of apple were 0.30-1.29, 0.63-1.78 and 0.62-2.84, respectively. The areas within the threshold range at each growth stage of apple accounted for 94.8%, 94.7% and 95.9% of main producing areas, respectively. The change trend of precipitation suitability in most regions at three growth stages of apple wasn’t significant from 1971 to 2017. (2) The variance contribution rates of the first eigenvector field of precipitation suitability at initial growth stage and vigorous growth stage of apple were 50.53% and 32.26%, respectively. The eigenvalues were almost positive in the whole region, which indicated that the spatial change of precipitation suitability had good consistency, and the oscillation intensity of precipitation suitability strengthened from northeast and southwest to the middle. The variance contribution rate of the first eigenvector field of precipitation suitability reached 49.51% at later growth period, and the distribution pattern in Liaoning Province and the local part of eastern Hebei Province was opposite to other areas. (3) The second eigenvector field of precipitation suitability appeared an opposite phase distribution pattern in the east and the west at initial growth period of apple, while that were anti-phase distribution pattern in northern and southern parts at vigorous growth period and later growth period of apple. 

Key words: apple, precipitation suitability, temporal and spatial distribution characteristics, growth stages of apple, empirical orthogonal function (EOF)

摘要: 基于中国苹果主产区1971—2017年逐日气象观测数据,在订正作物系数基础上构建苹果各发育阶段降水适宜度模型,结合优势产区地理分布确定降水适宜度阈值,分析各生育阶段降水适宜度的时空分布特征,并利用经验正交函数(EOF)分解探究其时空异常变化规律。结果表明:(1)苹果初始生长期、旺盛生长期和生长后期降水适宜度阈值分别为0.30~1.29、0.63~1.78和0.62~2.84,降水适宜度在阈值范围内的区域分别占研究区域的94.8%、94.7%和95.9%,且绝大多数区域近47 a降水适宜度变化不显著。(2)苹果初始生长期和旺盛生长期,降水适宜度第一向量场方差贡献率分别为50.53%和32.26%,全区几乎均为正值,具有较好的空间一致性,且降水适宜度的振荡强度由东北、西南向中部加强;生长后期,第一向量场方差贡献率为49.51%,辽宁和河北东部局部地区与其他地区呈反相位的分布型。(3)降水适宜度第二向量场,苹果初始生长期呈东西反相位的分布型,而旺盛生长期和生长后期呈南北反相位的分布型。

关键词: 苹果, 降水适宜度, 时空分布特征, 生育期, EOF

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