Journal of Arid Meteorology ›› 2019, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 899-905.

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Variation Characteristics of Precipitation in the Upper Lanzhou Section of the Yellow River in Flood Season During 2015-2018

HE Jinmei1, LI Zhaorong2, YAN Xinyang1, LI Hong2#br#

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  1. 1. Gansu Meteorological Service Center, Lanzhou 730020, China;
    2. Lanzhou Central Meteorological Observatory, Lanzhou 730020, China
  • Online:2019-12-31 Published:2020-01-02

黄河兰州上游流域近4 a汛期降水变化特征

何金梅1,李照荣2,闫昕旸1,李红2   

  1. 1.甘肃省气象服务中心,甘肃兰州730020;2.兰州中心气象台,甘肃兰州730020
  • 作者简介:何金梅(1977— ),女,陕西宝鸡人,高级工程师,从事专业预报服务工作. E-mail:441916974@qq.com。

Abstract: Based on the hourly precipitation of 327 stations from May to September in the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin during 2015-2018, some characteristic quantities such as precipitation frequency, etc. were defined, and the variation characteristics of precipitation in 7 basins in flood season in study area were analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) There was a good consistency between precipitation and precipitation days in flood season in the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin, with the highest in 2018 and the least in 2015. As for the spatial distribution of precipitation, it was highest in the river basin above Longyang Gorge which located in the southeast of Qinghai Province, while it was least in the Liujia Gorge-Lanzhou Basin in central Gansu Province. (2) The precipitation days in various tributaries of the same basin was quite different, due to the different geographical location and drainage area, especially in the river basin above Longyang Gorge and the Taohe River Basin. (3) There were three forms of the daily variation characteristics of precipitation frequency in the seven basins: double peak single valley type, single peak single valley type, and gentle type. On the whole, the number of maximum hourly precipitation more than 20 mm, the average hourly precipitation more than 2 mm, and the total number of precipitation processes increased after nightfall every day, and the heavy rainfall usually occurred around 19:00. (4) In the past four years, the events of maximum precipitation and the maximum hourly precipitation all occurred in Daxia River Basin, and the events of longest lasting precipitation occurred in Huangshui River Basin.

Key words: the upper Lanzhou section of the Yellow River, flood season, precipitation characteristics

摘要: 黄河兰州上游流域近4 a汛期降水变化特征何金梅1,李照荣2,闫昕旸1,李红2(1.甘肃省气象服务中心,甘肃兰州730020;2.兰州中心气象台,甘肃兰州730020) 摘要:利用2015—2018年5—9月黄河兰州上游地区327站小时降水资料,定义了降水过程次数等特征量,分析该地区7个流域汛期降水变化特征。结果表明:(1)黄河兰州上游流域汛期降水量与降水日数有很好的一致性,以2018年最多,2015年最少;空间分布上都是青海东南部的龙羊峡以上流域最多,甘肃中部的刘家峡—兰州流域最少。(2)同一流域由于地理位置和流域面积大小不同等原因,各支流降水日数差异较大,特别是龙羊峡以上流域和洮河流域表现最为明显。(3)流域内降水次数日变化特征有双峰单谷型、单峰单谷型和平缓型三种形态;降水总次数、小时平均降水量大于2 mm的次数、小时最大降水量大于20 mm的次数一天中都是在傍晚后增多,且强降水出现时间多发生在19:00左右。(4)近4 a中流域内最大降水过程出现在大夏河流域,持续时间最长的降水过程在湟水河流域,小时降水量最大出现在大夏河流域。

关键词: 黄河兰州上游流域, 汛期, 降水特征

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