Journal of Arid Meteorology ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 95-107.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2022)-01-0095
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MA Minjin1,2(), CHEN Yue2, KANG Guoqiang2, ZHAO Zhenzhu2, HUANG Wanlong2, TAN Changrong2, DING Fan3
Received:
2021-04-07
Revised:
2021-09-24
Online:
2022-02-28
Published:
2022-02-28
马敏劲1,2(), 陈玥2, 康国强2, 赵侦竹2, 黄万龙2, 谈昌蓉2, 丁凡3
作者简介:
马敏劲(1983— ),男,博士,云南昭通人,副教授,主要研究方向为大气边界层和空气污染的数值模拟. E-mail: minjinma@lzu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
CLC Number:
MA Minjin, CHEN Yue, KANG Guoqiang, ZHAO Zhenzhu, HUANG Wanlong, TAN Changrong, DING Fan. Deviation analysis of reanalysis data in boundary layer in summer over Tibetan Plateau and its simulation correction[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2022, 40(1): 95-107.
马敏劲, 陈玥, 康国强, 赵侦竹, 黄万龙, 谈昌蓉, 丁凡. 青藏高原夏季边界层再分析资料的偏差分析及订正[J]. 干旱气象, 2022, 40(1): 95-107.
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URL: http://www.ghqx.org.cn/EN/10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2022)-01-0095
边界层 方案 | YSU | 对夹卷过程进行显式处理的非局地闭合方案[ |
MYJ | Mellor-Yamada Level 2.5湍流闭合模型[ | |
ACM2 | 通过引入参数fconv将非局地闭合方案与局地涡动扩散方案相结合[ | |
微物理 方案 | Purdue Lin | 水相物质的预报量为6个,分别为水汽、云水、雨、云冰、雪和霰的预报。在结冰点以下,该方案将云水处理为云冰,雨水处理为雪,适合于高分辨率模拟理论研究 |
WSM6 | 基本物理过程与Lin方案相似[ | |
积云对流 方案 | Kain-Fritsch(new Eta) (简称“浅对流KF”) | 浅对流KF方案采用一个简单的云模式和相对粗糙的微物理过程,考虑伴有水汽的上升下沉运动和云中气流的卷入卷出,对于不能到达最小降水云厚度的上升气流做浅对流(非降水)处理[ |
Betts-Miller-Janjic (简称“BMJ”) | 来自Betts-Miller(BM)对流调整计划[ |
Tab.1 Introduction to the model parameterization schemes compared in the experiment
边界层 方案 | YSU | 对夹卷过程进行显式处理的非局地闭合方案[ |
MYJ | Mellor-Yamada Level 2.5湍流闭合模型[ | |
ACM2 | 通过引入参数fconv将非局地闭合方案与局地涡动扩散方案相结合[ | |
微物理 方案 | Purdue Lin | 水相物质的预报量为6个,分别为水汽、云水、雨、云冰、雪和霰的预报。在结冰点以下,该方案将云水处理为云冰,雨水处理为雪,适合于高分辨率模拟理论研究 |
WSM6 | 基本物理过程与Lin方案相似[ | |
积云对流 方案 | Kain-Fritsch(new Eta) (简称“浅对流KF”) | 浅对流KF方案采用一个简单的云模式和相对粗糙的微物理过程,考虑伴有水汽的上升下沉运动和云中气流的卷入卷出,对于不能到达最小降水云厚度的上升气流做浅对流(非降水)处理[ |
Betts-Miller-Janjic (简称“BMJ”) | 来自Betts-Miller(BM)对流调整计划[ |
高 度 | 气象要素 | ERA-Interim | JRA-55 | MERRA-2 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bias | RMSE | STDE | Bias | RMSE | STDE | Bias | RMSE | STDE | ||||
地面 | T/℃ | -5.01 | 6.07 | 3.15 | -3.67 | 4.77 | 2.62 | -5.49 | 6.80 | 3.84 | ||
Td/℃ | -0.85 | 3.62 | 3.12 | -269.68 | 271.31 | 26.22 | -1.74 | 4.06 | 3.55 | |||
DIR/(°) | 44.67 | 145.77 | 129.33 | 40.64 | 142.31 | 120.59 | 55.14 | 145.58 | 125.18 | |||
SPD/(m·s-1) | 0.77 | 4.00 | 3.66 | -2.01 | 4.00 | 3.33 | 1.08 | 4.41 | 4.07 | |||
500 hPa | T/℃ | -0.74 | 1.51 | 1.28 | -0.92 | 1.53 | 1.19 | 0.13 | 1.25 | 1.21 | ||
Td/℃ | -2.83 | 4.99 | 4.06 | -259.26 | 262.24 | 38.35 | — | — | — | |||
DIR/(°) | -0.67 | 88.82 | 88.64 | 3.09 | 83.06 | 82.15 | -4.87 | 86.05 | 85.64 | |||
SPD/(m·s-1) | -1.25 | 6.03 | 5.81 | -6.22 | 8.51 | 5.72 | -0.05 | 6.62 | 6.54 | |||
400 hPa | T/℃ | -0.08 | 3.99 | 3.92 | -0.07 | 3.84 | 3.81 | — | — | — | ||
Td/℃ | -0.42 | 12.15 | 11.98 | -243.54 | 246.76 | 39.06 | — | — | — | |||
DIR/(°) | 6.56 | 81.07 | 80.30 | -6.08 | 85.68 | 83.70 | — | — | — | |||
SPD/(m·s-1) | -1.42 | 11.66 | 11.46 | -8.21 | 15.27 | 11.93 | — | — | — |
Tab.2 Sounding test of meteorological elements in PBL (planetary boundary layer) of the Tibet Plateau based on reanalysis data
高 度 | 气象要素 | ERA-Interim | JRA-55 | MERRA-2 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bias | RMSE | STDE | Bias | RMSE | STDE | Bias | RMSE | STDE | ||||
地面 | T/℃ | -5.01 | 6.07 | 3.15 | -3.67 | 4.77 | 2.62 | -5.49 | 6.80 | 3.84 | ||
Td/℃ | -0.85 | 3.62 | 3.12 | -269.68 | 271.31 | 26.22 | -1.74 | 4.06 | 3.55 | |||
DIR/(°) | 44.67 | 145.77 | 129.33 | 40.64 | 142.31 | 120.59 | 55.14 | 145.58 | 125.18 | |||
SPD/(m·s-1) | 0.77 | 4.00 | 3.66 | -2.01 | 4.00 | 3.33 | 1.08 | 4.41 | 4.07 | |||
500 hPa | T/℃ | -0.74 | 1.51 | 1.28 | -0.92 | 1.53 | 1.19 | 0.13 | 1.25 | 1.21 | ||
Td/℃ | -2.83 | 4.99 | 4.06 | -259.26 | 262.24 | 38.35 | — | — | — | |||
DIR/(°) | -0.67 | 88.82 | 88.64 | 3.09 | 83.06 | 82.15 | -4.87 | 86.05 | 85.64 | |||
SPD/(m·s-1) | -1.25 | 6.03 | 5.81 | -6.22 | 8.51 | 5.72 | -0.05 | 6.62 | 6.54 | |||
400 hPa | T/℃ | -0.08 | 3.99 | 3.92 | -0.07 | 3.84 | 3.81 | — | — | — | ||
Td/℃ | -0.42 | 12.15 | 11.98 | -243.54 | 246.76 | 39.06 | — | — | — | |||
DIR/(°) | 6.56 | 81.07 | 80.30 | -6.08 | 85.68 | 83.70 | — | — | — | |||
SPD/(m·s-1) | -1.42 | 11.66 | 11.46 | -8.21 | 15.27 | 11.93 | — | — | — |
模式 区域 | X、Y方向 格点数 | 网格距/ km | 左下角网格点 在母域位置 | 地形资料 分辨率 |
---|---|---|---|---|
D01 | 163×88 | 27 | 1×1 | 10' |
D02 | 367×160 | 9 | 61×8 | 2' |
D03 | 367×226 | 3 | 122×24 | 30″ |
Tab.3 Parameters for nested domains
模式 区域 | X、Y方向 格点数 | 网格距/ km | 左下角网格点 在母域位置 | 地形资料 分辨率 |
---|---|---|---|---|
D01 | 163×88 | 27 | 1×1 | 10' |
D02 | 367×160 | 9 | 61×8 | 2' |
D03 | 367×226 | 3 | 122×24 | 30″ |
ACM2 | BMJ | KF | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LIN | WSM6 | LIN | WSM6 | |||||||||||||
Bias | RMSE | STDE | Bias | RMSE | STDE | Bias | RMSE | STDE | Bias | RMSE | STDE | |||||
地面 | T/℃ | -4.28 | 6.22 | 3.39 | -3.88 | 5.83 | 3.13 | -4.85 | 6.53 | 3.14 | -4.66 | 6.30 | 3.03 | |||
Td/℃ | -268.40 | 271.73 | 19.61 | -267.96 | 271.29 | 20.14 | -267.65 | 270.98 | 19.86 | -267.53 | 270.86 | 19.78 | ||||
DIR/(°) | 68.30 | 137.99 | 98.24 | 57.31 | 119.42 | 84.83 | 60.94 | 129.73 | 84.79 | 59.07 | 136.47 | 91.74 | ||||
SPD/(m·s-1) | -1.67 | 3.70 | 3.06 | -1.44 | 3.45 | 2.94 | -1.84 | 3.72 | 3.04 | -1.55 | 3.91 | 3.38 | ||||
500 hPa | T/℃ | 1.99 | 2.58 | 1.64 | 1.45 | 2.00 | 1.25 | 0.29 | 1.28 | 1.12 | 0.73 | 1.48 | 1.20 | |||
Td/℃ | -271.96 | 271.97 | 1.93 | -265.47 | 268.76 | 19.33 | -264.70 | 267.98 | 19.20 | -264.95 | 268.23 | 19.36 | ||||
DIR/(°) | -32.08 | 53.78 | 43.16 | -10.33 | 35.85 | 34.33 | -17.69 | 64.53 | 61.29 | -18.20 | 66.82 | 62.35 | ||||
SPD/(m·s-1) | 1.06 | 4.70 | 4.57 | -1.19 | 3.96 | 3.47 | -2.23 | 4.50 | 3.53 | -1.44 | 3.71 | 3.15 | ||||
400 hPa | T/℃ | 1.06 | 1.35 | 0.83 | 0.70 | 1.33 | 0.97 | 0.37 | 1.15 | 1.00 | 0.51 | 1.23 | 1.01 | |||
Td/℃ | -273.25 | 273.26 | 1.89 | -266.69 | 270.00 | 20.90 | -268.25 | 271.55 | 19.84 | -267.97 | 271.27 | 20.58 | ||||
DIR/(°) | -16.79 | 53.03 | 50.31 | 1.91 | 81.31 | 68.46 | -9.83 | 88.49 | 80.85 | -6.50 | 92.04 | 84.98 | ||||
SPD/(m·s-1) | -0.01 | 6.27 | 6.27 | -0.06 | 4.93 | 4.83 | -0.90 | 5.80 | 4.68 | -1.00 | 5.55 | 4.66 | ||||
YSU | BMJ | KF | ||||||||||||||
LIN | WSM6 | LIN | WSM6 | |||||||||||||
Bias | RMSE | STDE | Bias | RMSE | STDE | Bias | RMSE | STDE | Bias | RMSE | STDE | |||||
地面 | T/℃ | -3.69 | 5.38 | 2.84 | -3.71 | 5.41 | 2.83 | -4.42 | 6.03 | 2.83 | -4.44 | 6.00 | 2.87 | |||
Td/℃ | -268.38 | 271.72 | 19.78 | -267.64 | 270.98 | 20.37 | -267.01 | 270.34 | 20.00 | -267.16 | 270.49 | 19.92 | ||||
DIR/(°) | 49.75 | 125.55 | 84.80 | 59.67 | 130.73 | 86.27 | 57.42 | 122.82 | 89.87 | 67.45 | 137.31 | 94.38 | ||||
SPD/(m·s-1) | -1.49 | 3.87 | 3.23 | -1.44 | 3.96 | 3.39 | -1.70 | 3.82 | 3.15 | -1.62 | 3.95 | 3.31 | ||||
500 hPa | T/℃ | 1.73 | 2.05 | 1.06 | 1.73 | 2.14 | 1.20 | 0.67 | 1.30 | 1.07 | 0.72 | 1.36 | 1.11 | |||
Td/℃ | -265.85 | 269.15 | 19.27 | -265.54 | 268.85 | 19.51 | -264.76 | 268.05 | 19.21 | -264.72 | 268.01 | 19.16 | ||||
DIR/(°) | -14.77 | 77.16 | 69.83 | -16.65 | 65.83 | 60.23 | -26.77 | 69.12 | 58.85 | -10.31 | 70.30 | 68.60 | ||||
SPD/(m·s-1) | -1.36 | 5.03 | 4.41 | -1.93 | 4.78 | 4.15 | -2.81 | 4.46 | 3.19 | -3.31 | 5.09 | 3.44 | ||||
400 hPa | T/℃ | 0.85 | 1.42 | 0.97 | 0.90 | 1.44 | 0.94 | 0.60 | 1.20 | 0.88 | 0.68 | 1.27 | 0.91 | |||
Td/℃ | -267.32 | 270.66 | 21.61 | -266.74 | 270.06 | 20.63 | -268.96 | 272.27 | 20.25 | -268.59 | 271.91 | 20.46 | ||||
DIR/(°) | -4.77 | 96.53 | 81.67 | -7.29 | 86.21 | 70.69 | -9.28 | 88.34 | 81.79 | -16.95 | 92.12 | 81.35 | ||||
SPD/(m·s-1) | -0.90 | 5.98 | 5.61 | -1.11 | 6.09 | 5.92 | -2.00 | 5.52 | 4.60 | -2.03 | 5.73 | 4.93 |
Tab.4 Test of mean values of meteorological elements at 5 sites simulated by main 8 scheme-combinations among 12 scheme-combinations in PBL during the simulation period
ACM2 | BMJ | KF | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LIN | WSM6 | LIN | WSM6 | |||||||||||||
Bias | RMSE | STDE | Bias | RMSE | STDE | Bias | RMSE | STDE | Bias | RMSE | STDE | |||||
地面 | T/℃ | -4.28 | 6.22 | 3.39 | -3.88 | 5.83 | 3.13 | -4.85 | 6.53 | 3.14 | -4.66 | 6.30 | 3.03 | |||
Td/℃ | -268.40 | 271.73 | 19.61 | -267.96 | 271.29 | 20.14 | -267.65 | 270.98 | 19.86 | -267.53 | 270.86 | 19.78 | ||||
DIR/(°) | 68.30 | 137.99 | 98.24 | 57.31 | 119.42 | 84.83 | 60.94 | 129.73 | 84.79 | 59.07 | 136.47 | 91.74 | ||||
SPD/(m·s-1) | -1.67 | 3.70 | 3.06 | -1.44 | 3.45 | 2.94 | -1.84 | 3.72 | 3.04 | -1.55 | 3.91 | 3.38 | ||||
500 hPa | T/℃ | 1.99 | 2.58 | 1.64 | 1.45 | 2.00 | 1.25 | 0.29 | 1.28 | 1.12 | 0.73 | 1.48 | 1.20 | |||
Td/℃ | -271.96 | 271.97 | 1.93 | -265.47 | 268.76 | 19.33 | -264.70 | 267.98 | 19.20 | -264.95 | 268.23 | 19.36 | ||||
DIR/(°) | -32.08 | 53.78 | 43.16 | -10.33 | 35.85 | 34.33 | -17.69 | 64.53 | 61.29 | -18.20 | 66.82 | 62.35 | ||||
SPD/(m·s-1) | 1.06 | 4.70 | 4.57 | -1.19 | 3.96 | 3.47 | -2.23 | 4.50 | 3.53 | -1.44 | 3.71 | 3.15 | ||||
400 hPa | T/℃ | 1.06 | 1.35 | 0.83 | 0.70 | 1.33 | 0.97 | 0.37 | 1.15 | 1.00 | 0.51 | 1.23 | 1.01 | |||
Td/℃ | -273.25 | 273.26 | 1.89 | -266.69 | 270.00 | 20.90 | -268.25 | 271.55 | 19.84 | -267.97 | 271.27 | 20.58 | ||||
DIR/(°) | -16.79 | 53.03 | 50.31 | 1.91 | 81.31 | 68.46 | -9.83 | 88.49 | 80.85 | -6.50 | 92.04 | 84.98 | ||||
SPD/(m·s-1) | -0.01 | 6.27 | 6.27 | -0.06 | 4.93 | 4.83 | -0.90 | 5.80 | 4.68 | -1.00 | 5.55 | 4.66 | ||||
YSU | BMJ | KF | ||||||||||||||
LIN | WSM6 | LIN | WSM6 | |||||||||||||
Bias | RMSE | STDE | Bias | RMSE | STDE | Bias | RMSE | STDE | Bias | RMSE | STDE | |||||
地面 | T/℃ | -3.69 | 5.38 | 2.84 | -3.71 | 5.41 | 2.83 | -4.42 | 6.03 | 2.83 | -4.44 | 6.00 | 2.87 | |||
Td/℃ | -268.38 | 271.72 | 19.78 | -267.64 | 270.98 | 20.37 | -267.01 | 270.34 | 20.00 | -267.16 | 270.49 | 19.92 | ||||
DIR/(°) | 49.75 | 125.55 | 84.80 | 59.67 | 130.73 | 86.27 | 57.42 | 122.82 | 89.87 | 67.45 | 137.31 | 94.38 | ||||
SPD/(m·s-1) | -1.49 | 3.87 | 3.23 | -1.44 | 3.96 | 3.39 | -1.70 | 3.82 | 3.15 | -1.62 | 3.95 | 3.31 | ||||
500 hPa | T/℃ | 1.73 | 2.05 | 1.06 | 1.73 | 2.14 | 1.20 | 0.67 | 1.30 | 1.07 | 0.72 | 1.36 | 1.11 | |||
Td/℃ | -265.85 | 269.15 | 19.27 | -265.54 | 268.85 | 19.51 | -264.76 | 268.05 | 19.21 | -264.72 | 268.01 | 19.16 | ||||
DIR/(°) | -14.77 | 77.16 | 69.83 | -16.65 | 65.83 | 60.23 | -26.77 | 69.12 | 58.85 | -10.31 | 70.30 | 68.60 | ||||
SPD/(m·s-1) | -1.36 | 5.03 | 4.41 | -1.93 | 4.78 | 4.15 | -2.81 | 4.46 | 3.19 | -3.31 | 5.09 | 3.44 | ||||
400 hPa | T/℃ | 0.85 | 1.42 | 0.97 | 0.90 | 1.44 | 0.94 | 0.60 | 1.20 | 0.88 | 0.68 | 1.27 | 0.91 | |||
Td/℃ | -267.32 | 270.66 | 21.61 | -266.74 | 270.06 | 20.63 | -268.96 | 272.27 | 20.25 | -268.59 | 271.91 | 20.46 | ||||
DIR/(°) | -4.77 | 96.53 | 81.67 | -7.29 | 86.21 | 70.69 | -9.28 | 88.34 | 81.79 | -16.95 | 92.12 | 81.35 | ||||
SPD/(m·s-1) | -0.90 | 5.98 | 5.61 | -1.11 | 6.09 | 5.92 | -2.00 | 5.52 | 4.60 | -2.03 | 5.73 | 4.93 |
Fig.5 Time series of mean surface sensible heat flux (a),temperature difference between ground and air (b) and PBLH (c) in D03 area in July 2017 simulated by different parameterization scheme combinations
Fig.6 Distribution of horizontal wind field at different levels in PBL in D03 area (Two columns on the left represent a clear sky day on July 22, 2017,two columns on the right represent a rainfall day on July 25, 2017)
气压层 | 风场分量 | 回归方程 |
---|---|---|
650 hPa | u v | y=0.5971x-0.2718 y=0.3587x-0.5021 |
600 hPa | u v | y=0.6862x-0.6789 y=0.5332x+0.4957 |
550 hPa | u v | y=0.7070x-0.7743 y=0.5603x+0.2587 |
500 hPa | u v | y=0.7076x-0.6419 y=0.4468x+0.4335 |
450 hPa | u v | y=0.7578x-0.8596 y=0.4342x+0.2031 |
400 hPa | u v | y=0.7375x+1.4138 y=0.4828x-0.2449 |
Tab.5 Unitary linear regression equations between horizontal wind fields in PBL from ERA-Interim and simulated wind fields
气压层 | 风场分量 | 回归方程 |
---|---|---|
650 hPa | u v | y=0.5971x-0.2718 y=0.3587x-0.5021 |
600 hPa | u v | y=0.6862x-0.6789 y=0.5332x+0.4957 |
550 hPa | u v | y=0.7070x-0.7743 y=0.5603x+0.2587 |
500 hPa | u v | y=0.7076x-0.6419 y=0.4468x+0.4335 |
450 hPa | u v | y=0.7578x-0.8596 y=0.4342x+0.2031 |
400 hPa | u v | y=0.7375x+1.4138 y=0.4828x-0.2449 |
站名 | 地面 | 500 hPa | 400 hPa | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DIR/(°) (减率) | SPD/(m·s-1) (减率) | DIR/(°) (减率) | SPD/(m·s-1) (减率) | DIR/(°) (减率) | SPD/(m·s-1) (减率) | |||
昌都 | 158.97(-27%) | 3.84(-22%) | 72.75(8%) | 3.17(56%) | 115.56(-122%) | 2.48(52%) | ||
甘孜 | 127.73(23%) | 4.11(-8%) | 74.99(13%) | 4.32(42%) | 74.36(-7%) | 32.34(86%) | ||
拉萨 | 75.97(35%) | 1.58(55%) | 32.03(61%) | 3.20(28%) | 37.17(61%) | 4.06(38%) | ||
那曲 | 120.70(42%) | 3.80(13%) | 73.53(61%) | 4.86(38%) | 76.63(54%) | 4.37(15%) | ||
玉树 | 123.27 (21%) | 2.38(35%) | 36.06(73%) | 4.56(45%) | 80.45(22%) | 6.76(24%) | ||
区域平均 | 105.28(19%) | 3.11(15%) | 47.01(47%) | 3.29(43%) | 69.63(13%) | 4.33(62%) |
Tab.6 Sounding test STDE value of fitted wind field during the simulation period and its reduction rate relative to original reanalysis data
站名 | 地面 | 500 hPa | 400 hPa | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DIR/(°) (减率) | SPD/(m·s-1) (减率) | DIR/(°) (减率) | SPD/(m·s-1) (减率) | DIR/(°) (减率) | SPD/(m·s-1) (减率) | |||
昌都 | 158.97(-27%) | 3.84(-22%) | 72.75(8%) | 3.17(56%) | 115.56(-122%) | 2.48(52%) | ||
甘孜 | 127.73(23%) | 4.11(-8%) | 74.99(13%) | 4.32(42%) | 74.36(-7%) | 32.34(86%) | ||
拉萨 | 75.97(35%) | 1.58(55%) | 32.03(61%) | 3.20(28%) | 37.17(61%) | 4.06(38%) | ||
那曲 | 120.70(42%) | 3.80(13%) | 73.53(61%) | 4.86(38%) | 76.63(54%) | 4.37(15%) | ||
玉树 | 123.27 (21%) | 2.38(35%) | 36.06(73%) | 4.56(45%) | 80.45(22%) | 6.76(24%) | ||
区域平均 | 105.28(19%) | 3.11(15%) | 47.01(47%) | 3.29(43%) | 69.63(13%) | 4.33(62%) |
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