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关中地区PM10质量浓度及MODIS气溶胶光学厚度时空特征分析

金丽娜1,李雄飞2,李军1   

  1. 1.陕西省西安市气象局,陕西西安710016;
    2.陕西省水土保持生态环境监测中心,陕西西安710004
  • 出版日期:2018-03-05 发布日期:2018-03-05

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of PM10 Concentration and MODIS AOD in Guanzhong Area of Shaanxi

JIN Lina1, LI Xiongfei2, LI Jun1   

  1. 1. Xi’an Meteorological Bureau of Shaanxi Province,  Xi’an 710016,China;
    2. Shaanxi Monitoring Center of Soil and Water Conservation & Eco-environment, Xi’an 710004, China
  • Online:2018-03-05 Published:2018-03-05
  • About author:金丽娜(1981—),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事气候变化研究. E-mail:jinpanpan@126.com。
  • Supported by:

    2013年陕西省气象局研究型业务重点科研项目“西安霾与气象条件相关性分析与预报技术研究”(2013Z-11)资助

摘要:

利用2014—2016年西安、咸阳、宝鸡、渭南、铜川的逐日PM10质量浓度和同期美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的MODIS气溶胶产品(3 km),提取有效的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)数据并进行标高及湿度订正,得到近地面“干”消光系数(AODSEC-RH),分析关中及5个地市PM10质量浓度、AOD、AODSEC-RH的月、季、年时空变化特征。结果显示:近3 a关中及5个地市PM10质量浓度均呈递减趋势;1月为峰值,7月为谷值,全年呈波动变化,冬季最大;3月较厚的逆温层及较稳定的大气致使污染不易扩散,PM10质量浓度下降缓慢;4—5月降水开始增多,PM10质量浓度下降较快;夏季PM10质量浓度最低;10月雾和霾天气活跃,PM10质量浓度迅速回升。西安年平均PM10质量浓度较其他4市偏高,关中四季的PM10质量浓度高值区均位于西安、咸阳、渭南市。近3 a关中整体AOD有所下降,高值区也位于西安、咸阳、渭南。夏季高温高湿,气溶胶吸湿强,AOD最大;其次为春季,气温回升、空气干燥、植被稀少,大风为沙尘天气提供了充分的动力,AOD次高;秋冬季AOD整体偏小。经标高及湿度订正的AODSEC-RH夏季明显降低,冬季明显升高,时空变化特征更接近于PM10质量浓度,能充分体现近地面污染特征。

关键词: PM10, AOD, AODSEC-RH, 特征

Abstract:

The AOD is very high in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province, and the main pollution factor affecting the annual air quality in the Guanzhong urban agglomeration is the inhalable particulate matter (PM10). The purpose of this study is to strengthen the analysis of PM10 concentration and AOD in Guanzhong area and improve the understanding of the temporal and spatial distribution and evolution law of air pollution in Guanzhong. Firstly, the effective AOD data were extracted from MOD04_3K-MODES Terra/Aqua Aerosol-5Min L2 Swath 3 km products from 2014 to 2016 and revised, and the AODSEC-RH was obtained. Then, the AOD and AODSEC-RH, and the daily PM10 concentration data in Xi’an, Xianyang, Baoji, Weinan and Tongchuan in the same period were used to research the spatial and temporal characteristics of PM10 concentration, AOD and AODSEC-RH in Guanzhong area and the five cities. The results show that the PM10 concentration decreased from 2014 to 2016 in Guanzhong area and the five cities, PM10 concentration in January was the peak, in July it was the valley, and it was highest in winter. Thicker inversion layer and more stable atmosphere made the air pollution not to spread easily in March, so PM10 concentration decreased slowly. From April to May, precipitation began to increase, and PM10 concentration decreased rapidly. PM10 concentration was lowest in summer. Because fog and haze weather was very active in October, so PM10 concentration picked up quickly. The annual average PM10 concentration in Xi’an was higher than that of the other four cities, and the high value area of PM10 concentration in four seasons of Guanzhong area was located in Xi’an, Xianyang and Weinan. In the past three years, the AOD over Guanzhong area declined in the whole, the high value area of AOD was also located in Xi’an, Xianyang and Weinan. In summer AOD was highest because of high temperature and humidity, and in spring it was second because temperature picked up and air was dry, the vegetation was scarce and the wind provided sufficient power for the dust weather. AOD was smaller in autumn and winter. The AODSEC-RH corrected by elevation and humidity decreased significantly in summer and rose obviously in winter, the characteristics of temporal and spatial variation were more close to PM10 concentration, which could fully reflect the characteristics of near surface pollution.

Key words:  PM10, AOD, AODSEC-RH, feature

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